{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T00:20:37Z","timestamp":1788481237756,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,19]],"date-time":"2024-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729296000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gels"],"abstract":"<jats:p>With the increasing development of productivity, new materials that allow for the efficient use of energy are slowly becoming a sought-after goal, as well as a challenge that is currently being faced. For this reason, we have made aerogels as the target of our research and prepared different series (CLPI (1\u20135)) of cross-linked polyimide aerogels by mixing and cross-linking the heat-insulating cross-linking agent 1,3,5-tris(4-aminobenzylamino)benzene (TAB) with polyamic acid solution. We created a three-dimensional spatial organization by using vacuum freeze-drying and programmed high-temperature drying, then controlled the concentration of the polyamidate solution to investigate the concentration and TAB\u2019s influence on aerogel-related properties. Among them, the shrinkage is reduced from 40% in CLPI-1 to 28% in CLPI-5, and it also shows excellent mechanical characteristics, the highest compression strength (CLPI-5) reaches 0.81 MPa and specific modulus reaches 41.95 KN m\/Kg. In addition, adding TAB improves the aerogel thermal resistance, T5 in N2 from PI-2 519 \u00b0C to CLPI-2 556 \u00b0C. The three-dimensional network-type structure of the aerogel shows an excellent thermal insulation effect, where the thermal conductivity can be as low as 24.4 mWm\u22121 K\u22121. Compared with some protective materials, cross-linked polyimide aerogel presents better flame-retardant properties, greatly improving the scope of its application in the industrial protection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/gels10100667","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]],"date-time":"2024-10-21T10:49:22Z","timestamp":1729507762000},"page":"667","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Cross-Linked Polyimide Aerogels with Excellent Thermal and Mechanical Properties"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Haoran","family":"Qian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mining Engineering Department, Shanxi Institute of Technology, Yangquan 045000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiqi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4736-8470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Song","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/S0262-4079(22)00513-9","article-title":"The first global energy crisis","volume":"253","author":"Vaughan","year":"2022","journal-title":"New Sci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e14554","article-title":"Contribution of the mix renewable energy potentials in delivering parts of the electric energy needs in the west region of Cameroon","volume":"9","author":"Ngoune","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2022.08.025","article-title":"Development of a novel flexible multigeneration energy system for meeting the energy needs of remote areas","volume":"198","author":"Ebadollahi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Renew. Energy"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120900","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2024.120900","article-title":"The energy crossroads: Exploring the moderating role of the energy crisis on the acceptance of the development of a uranium mine","volume":"358","author":"Tabernero","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egyr.2019.11.106","article-title":"Electrical power crisis solution by the developing renewable energy based power generation expansion","volume":"6","author":"Bagdadee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Energy Rep."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102934","DOI":"10.1016\/j.erss.2022.102934","article-title":"Navigating through an energy crisis: Challenges and progress towards electricity decarbonisation, reliability, and affordability in Italy","volume":"96","author":"Frilingou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Energy Res. Soc. Sci."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135902","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2024.135902","article-title":"Multifunctional and recyclable aerogel\/fiber building insulation composites with sandwich structure","volume":"423","author":"Lv","year":"2024","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobe.2024.109485","article-title":"Structural properties and barrier performance of low-cost aerogel composites for building insulation","volume":"90","author":"Song","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Build. Eng."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2023.12.008","article-title":"Silica nanowires-reinforced silica aerogels with outstanding thermal insulation, thermal stability and mechanical properties","volume":"50","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ceram. Int."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36619","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2023.08.345","article-title":"Flexible fabrication of a novel SiO2\/AF\/ZIF-L composite embedded with MOF structure and its thermal insulation properties","volume":"49","author":"Xue","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ceram. Int."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnoncrysol.2018.11.003","article-title":"Fast preparation of glass fiber\/silica aerogel blanket in ethanol & water solvent system","volume":"505","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Non-Cryst. Solids"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126914","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2024.126914","article-title":"Fabrication of elastic SiO2 aerogels with prominent mechanical strength and stability reinforced by SiO2 nanofibers and polyurethane for oil adsorption","volume":"341","author":"Chang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sep. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2023.06.116","article-title":"Anisotropic and high-strength SiO2\/cellulose nanofiber composite aerogel with thermal superinsulation and superhydrophobicity","volume":"49","author":"Long","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ceram. Int."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2023.06.040","article-title":"Preparation and properties of hydrophobic and highly transparent SiO2 aerogels","volume":"49","author":"Shi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ceram. Int."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2022.153280","article-title":"Self-assembly cellulose nanocrystals\/SiO2 composite aerogel under freeze-drying: Adsorption towards dye contaminant","volume":"592","author":"Ruan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnoncrysol.2019.119507","article-title":"Organic solvent-saving preparation of water glass based aerogel granules under ambient pressure drying","volume":"521","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Non-Cryst. Solids"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymer.2019.05.050","article-title":"Structure to properties relations of BPDA and PMDA backbone hybrid diamine polyimide aerogels","volume":"176","author":"Mosanenzadeh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Polymer"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matlet.2021.130151","article-title":"The effect of poor solvent on the microstructures and thermal insulation performance of polyimide aerogels","volume":"300","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mater. Lett."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116079","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116079","article-title":"A facile method for in situ fabrication of silica\/cellulose aerogels and their application in CO2 capture","volume":"236","author":"Miao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116422","article-title":"Gelation, flame retardancy, and physical properties of phosphorylated microcrystalline cellulose aerogels","volume":"242","author":"Niu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbenv.2019.09.002","article-title":"Preparation, Properties, and Applications of Natural Cellulosic Aerogels: A Review","volume":"1","author":"Zaman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Energy Built Environ."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155592","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2022.155592","article-title":"High-strength and high-temperature-resistant multilayer interconnected polyimide paper derived from anisotropic aerogel via a hot-extrusion strategy for aerospace applications","volume":"611","author":"Jia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2022.110377","article-title":"Flame-retardant and thermal-protective polyimide-hydroxyapatite aerogel fiber-based composite textile for firefighting clothing","volume":"248","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Compos. Part B Eng."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111744","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2024.111744","article-title":"Distributed activation energy treatment of polyimide aerogel and its blocking effect on thermal runaway propagation of ternary battery","volume":"90","author":"Wei","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Energy Storage"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1021\/am101123h","article-title":"Polyimide aerogels cross-linked through amine functionalized polyoligomeric silsesquioxane","volume":"3","author":"Guo","year":"2011","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8227","DOI":"10.1021\/acsapm.2c01180","article-title":"Polyimide Aerogels with Excellent Thermal Insulation, Hydrophobicity, Machinability, and Strength Evolution at Extreme Conditions","volume":"4","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Polym. Mater."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4180","DOI":"10.1021\/acsapm.3c00318","article-title":"Anisotropic Polyimide\/Cellulose Nanofibril Composite Aerogels for Thermal Insulation and Flame Retardancy","volume":"5","author":"Zheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Polym. Mater."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1769","DOI":"10.1002\/pat.5980","article-title":"Aramid reinforced polyimide aerogel composites with high-mechanical strength for thermal insulation material","volume":"34","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Polym. Adv. Technol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compscitech.2019.01.025","article-title":"Lightweight, strong, and super-thermal insulating polyimide composite aerogels under high temperature","volume":"173","author":"Fan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Compos. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157961","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2023.157961","article-title":"Surface coating of biomass-modified black phosphorus enhances flame retardancy of rigid polyurethane foam and its synergistic mechanism","volume":"637","author":"Yin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2024.02.109","article-title":"Horizontally-oriented barium titanate@polydomine\/polyimide nanocomposite films for high-temperature energy storage","volume":"662","author":"Yuan","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2179","DOI":"10.1021\/acsapm.0c00153","article-title":"Flexible Polyimide Aerogels Derived from the Use of a Neopentyl Spacer in the Backbone","volume":"2","author":"Cashman","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Polym. Mater."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50129","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.2c14007","article-title":"Mechanically Strong and Thermally Stable Chemical Cross-Linked Polyimide Aerogels for Thermal Insulator","volume":"14","author":"Zheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123963","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2019.123963","article-title":"Bidirectional anisotropic polyimide\/bacterial cellulose aerogels by freeze-drying for super-thermal insulation","volume":"385","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesa.2021.106283","article-title":"Fabrication and applications of polyimide nano-aerogels","volume":"143","author":"Shi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122784","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2019.122784","article-title":"Double-cross-linking strategy for preparing flexible, robust, and multifunctional polyimide aerogel","volume":"381","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesa.2022.107112","article-title":"Polyimide composite aerogels towards highly efficient microwave absorption and thermal insulation","volume":"161","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clay.2021.106200","article-title":"Preparation of functionalized halloysite reinforced polyimide composite aerogels with excellent thermal insulation properties","volume":"211","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Clay Sci."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134047","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2021.134047","article-title":"Anisotropic all-aromatic polyimide aerogels with robust and high-temperature stable properties for flexible thermal protection","volume":"431","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9701","DOI":"10.1039\/C9TA13011J","article-title":"Co-gel strategy for preparing hierarchically porous silica\/polyimide nanocomposite aerogel with thermal insulation and flame retardancy","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7860","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.9b02182","article-title":"Lightweight, Superelastic Yet Thermoconductive Boron Nitride Nanocomposite Aerogel for Thermal Energy Regulation","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40512","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.9b14265","article-title":"Robust, Lightweight, Hydrophobic, and Fire-Retarded Polyimide\/MXene Aerogels for Effective Oil\/Water Separation","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2013.05.096","article-title":"Polymer\/clay aerogel composites with flame retardant agents: Mechanical, thermal and fire behavior","volume":"52","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mater. Des. (1980\u20132015)"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800676","DOI":"10.1002\/mame.201800676","article-title":"Fiber Reinforced Polyimide Aerogel Composites with High Mechanical Strength for High Temperature Insulation","volume":"304","author":"Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Macromol. Mater. Eng."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12598","DOI":"10.1039\/C8TA02821D","article-title":"Novel multifunctional polymethylsilsesquioxane\u2013silk fibroin aerogel hybrids for environmental and thermal insulation applications","volume":"6","author":"Maleki","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2018.11.073","article-title":"Ultralight, hydrophobic, monolithic konjac glucomannan-silica composite aerogel with thermal insulation and mechanical properties","volume":"207","author":"Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108963","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2021.108963","article-title":"Layered double hydroxide\/graphene oxide synergistically enhanced polyimide aerogels for thermal insulation and fire-retardancy","volume":"219","author":"Xue","year":"2021","journal-title":"Compos. Part B Eng."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111074","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micromeso.2021.111074","article-title":"Ultralight and heat-insulating mesoporous polyimide aerogels cross-linked with aminated SiO2 nanoparticles","volume":"319","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microporous Mesoporous Mater."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compscitech.2017.12.034","article-title":"Mechanically strong polyimide \/ carbon nanotube composite aerogels with controllable porous structure","volume":"156","author":"Fan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Compos. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110620","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compscitech.2024.110620","article-title":"A combination of \u201cInner\u2014Outer skeleton\u201d strategy to improve the mechanical properties and heat resistance of polyimide composite aerogels as composite sandwich structures for space vehicles","volume":"252","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Compos. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtcomm.2024.109409","article-title":"Robust-flexible and Highly-thermostable Polyimide-silica Aerogels with Adjustable Fiber Skeleton Structure for Efficient Aerospace Thermal Protection","volume":"39","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mater. Today Commun."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2022.07.144","article-title":"Ultralight, highly flexible in situ thermally crosslinked polyimide aerogels with superior mechanical and thermal protection properties via nanofiber reinforcement","volume":"628","author":"Pan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141722","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2023.141722","article-title":"Mechanically strong polyimide aerogels containing benzimidazole groups with excellent flame-retardant, thermal insulation and high service temperature","volume":"461","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymer.2019.05.007","article-title":"Attapulgite-reinforced polyimide hybrid aerogels with high dimensional stability and excellent thermal insulation property","volume":"176","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Polymer"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107624","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2019.107624","article-title":"Mechanically strong and thermally insulating polyimide aerogels by homogeneity reinforcement of electrospun nanofibers","volume":"182","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Compos. Part B Eng."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compscitech.2020.108204","article-title":"Mechanically strong and tough polyimide aerogels cross-linked with amine functionalized carbon nanotubes synthesized by fluorine displacement reaction","volume":"195","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Compos. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109081","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2021.109081","article-title":"Highly elastic and robust hydroxyapatite nanowires\/polyimide composite aerogel with anisotropic structure for thermal insulation","volume":"223","author":"Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Compos. Part B Eng."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmst.2024.03.031","article-title":"A layered aerogel composite with silica fibers, SiC nanowires, and silica aerogels ternary networks for thermal insulation at high-temperature","volume":"204","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2023.113556","article-title":"Preparation and properties of thermal insulation coating based on silica aerogel","volume":"298","author":"He","year":"2023","journal-title":"Energy Build."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.124216","article-title":"Insight to hydrophobic SiO2 encapsulated SiO2 gel: Preparation and application in fire extinguishing","volume":"405","author":"He","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106040","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesa.2020.106040","article-title":"Thermal insulation and flame retardancy of attapulgite reinforced gelatin-based composite aerogel with enhanced strength properties","volume":"138","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.9b03953","article-title":"Lightweight, High-Strength, and Anisotropic Structure Composite Aerogel Based on Hydroxyapatite Nanocrystal and Chitosan with Thermal Insulation and Flame Retardant Properties","volume":"8","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng."}],"container-title":["Gels"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2310-2861\/10\/10\/667\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:16:51Z","timestamp":1760113011000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2310-2861\/10\/10\/667"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,19]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["gels10100667"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/gels10100667","relation":{},"ISSN":["2310-2861"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2310-2861","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,19]]}}}