{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:42:11Z","timestamp":1760146931378,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]],"date-time":"2024-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22108146","ZR2022YQ13","ZR2021QB137","24-1-8-xdny-18-nsh"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22108146","ZR2022YQ13","ZR2021QB137","24-1-8-xdny-18-nsh"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shan-dong Province","award":["22108146","ZR2022YQ13","ZR2021QB137","24-1-8-xdny-18-nsh"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22108146","ZR2022YQ13","ZR2021QB137","24-1-8-xdny-18-nsh"]}]},{"name":"S&amp;T Huimin Demonstration Special Project of Qingdao","award":["22108146","ZR2022YQ13","ZR2021QB137","24-1-8-xdny-18-nsh"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22108146","ZR2022YQ13","ZR2021QB137","24-1-8-xdny-18-nsh"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gels"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Developing an exceptional reaction medium with high promotion efficiency, desirable biodegradability and good recyclability is necessary for hydrate-based methane storage. In this work, a kind of eco-friendly hydrogel, polyvinyl alcohol-co-acrylic acid (PVA-co-PAA), was utilized to absorb dilute sodium p-styrenesulfonate (SS) solution, for constructing a hybrid reaction medium for methane hydrate formation. Hydrogels or dilute SS solutions (1\u20134 mmol L\u22121) had weak or even no promoting effects on hydrate formation kinetics, while the combination of them could synergistically promote methane hydrate formation. In hydrogel-SS hybrid media containing 1, 2, 3 and 4 mmol L\u22121 of SS solutions, the storage capacity reached 121.2 \u00b1 1.6, 121.5 \u00b1 3.1, 122.6 \u00b1 1.9 and 120.6 \u00b1 1.6 v\/v, respectively. In this binary reaction system, the large surface area of hydrogels provided hydrate formation with sufficient nucleation sites and an enlarged gas\u2013liquid interface, and in the meantime, the dilute SS solution produced an adequate capillary effect, which together enhanced mass transfer and accelerated hydrate formation kinetics. Additionally, the hybrid medium could relieve wall-climbing hydrate growth and improve poor hydrate compactness resulting from the bulk SS promoter. Moreover, the hybrid medium exhibited a preferable recyclability and could be reused at least 10 times. Therefore, the hydrogel-SS hybrid medium can serve as an effective and eco-friendly packing medium for methane hydrate storage tanks, which holds great application potential in hydrate-based methane storage technology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/gels11010001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]],"date-time":"2024-12-24T02:50:56Z","timestamp":1735008656000},"page":"1","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hydrate-Based Methane Storage in Biodegradable Hydrogels Absorbing Dilute Sodium P-Styrenesulfonate Solution"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Fangzheng","family":"Hua","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Preparation and Application of High-Performance Carbon-Materials, College of Electromechanical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266061, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kang","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Preparation and Application of High-Performance Carbon-Materials, College of Electromechanical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266061, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingyu","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Preparation and Application of High-Performance Carbon-Materials, College of Electromechanical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266061, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2811-7636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Preparation and Application of High-Performance Carbon-Materials, College of Electromechanical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266061, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mengting","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Preparation and Application of High-Performance Carbon-Materials, College of Electromechanical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266061, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ces.2014.07.050","article-title":"Natural gas storage and transportation within gas hydrate of smaller particle: Size dependence of self-preservation phenomenon of natural gas hydrate","volume":"118","author":"Mimachi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem. 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