{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T18:16:24Z","timestamp":1773771384709,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]],"date-time":"2025-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universitas Padjadjaran"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gels"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Decommissioning of nuclear facilities can be performed in stages. One of the stages and processes in decontamination is the decontamination process before dismantling or facility area recovery activities. Decontamination can be performed using various methods, primarily physical and chemical. One chemical method involves using a gel made of polymers for decontamination. In this study, a gel consisting of a mixture of 15 g polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), 15 mL of glycerol, and 2 g Na-EDTA was dissolved in 100 mL. The three materials were dissolved in hot conditions until they dissolved, and a gel was formed. The formed gel was applied to the material contaminated by Co-60 with a radioactivity of 81 \u00b5Ci, as much as 5 \u00b5L. The decontamination radioactive efficiency test results range from 53% to 98%, with the highest decontamination efficiency observed on glass media. This study also showed that higher EDTA concentrations can increase the ability of the PVA-glycerol gel to absorb and bind Co. This study also found that decontamination efficiency was influenced by the type of contaminated material and the concentration of EDTA. It can be concluded that gels with a composition of PVA, glycerol, and EDTA can reduce the level of contamination on the surface of materials made of glass, ceramics, and metal plates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/gels11010056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]],"date-time":"2025-01-10T10:06:38Z","timestamp":1736503598000},"page":"56","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Reducing the Radioactive Surface Contamination Level of Cobalt-60-Contaminated Material with PVA-Glycerol-EDTA Combination Gel"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5222-6165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rezky","family":"Anggakusuma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral Program on Environmental Sciences, Graduate School, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Dipati Ukur No. 35, Bandung 40132, West Java, Indonesia"},{"name":"Directorate of Laboratory Management, Research Facilities, and Science and Technology Park\u2014BRIN, Jl. Sangkuriang No. 1\u20135, Bandung 40135, West Java, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3382-2855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gemilang Lara","family":"Utama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral Program on Environmental Sciences, Graduate School, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Dipati Ukur No. 35, Bandung 40132, West Java, Indonesia"},{"name":"Center for Environment and Sustainability Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jalan Sekeloa Selatan 1 No. 1, Bandung 40132, West Java, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Khoirul","family":"Zain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuclear Chemical Engineering Study Program, Polytechnic Institute of Nuclear Technology\u2014BRIN, Yogyakarta 55281, Central Java, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kartini","family":"Megasari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuclear Chemical Engineering Study Program, Polytechnic Institute of Nuclear Technology\u2014BRIN, Yogyakarta 55281, Central Java, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.net.2022.09.012","article-title":"A multi-criteria decision-making process for selecting decontamination methods for radioactively contaminated metal components","volume":"55","author":"Hahm","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nucl. 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