{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T10:11:56Z","timestamp":1766139116882,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,8]],"date-time":"2025-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741392000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities of National Institutes of Health","award":["U54 MD007582","1735968"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54 MD007582","1735968"]}]},{"name":"NSF-CREST Center for Complex Materials Design for Multidimensional Additive Processing (CoManD)","award":["U54 MD007582","1735968"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54 MD007582","1735968"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gels"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Oropharyngeal dysphagia and pain are prevalent concerns in the geriatric population. Therefore, this study investigates advances in the development of cannabidiol (CBD) gummies using 3D printing technology and compares them to commercially available molded gummies for pain management. A gelatin-based CBD formulation was prepared and printed using a syringe-based extrusion 3D printer. The formulation\u2019s rheological properties were assessed, and the printed gummies were characterized using a texture analyzer. Drug content was analyzed using HPLC, and in vitro dissolution studies were conducted in phosphate buffer (pH 1.2 and 6.8). Our results demonstrated that the gelatin-based formulation had shear-thinning rheological properties for 3D printing at a temperature of 38.00 \u00b0C, filament diameter of 26 mm and flow of 110%. The optimized printing parameters produced gummies with higher elasticity compared to marketed gummies and comparable toughness. Drug content analysis showed 98.14 \u00b1 1.56 and 97.97 \u00b1 2.14% of CBD in 3D-printed and marketed gummies, respectively. Dissolution studies revealed that both gummy types released 100% of the drug within 30 min in both pH 1.2 and 6.8 buffers. Overall, 3D printing enables customizable CBD gummies with optimized release and offer a personalized and patient-friendly alternative to traditional oral forms for geriatric care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/gels11030189","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]],"date-time":"2025-03-10T05:46:52Z","timestamp":1741585612000},"page":"189","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Development and Characterization of Cannabidiol Gummy Using 3D Printing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Arvind","family":"Bagde","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mina","family":"Messiha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9192-8143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mandip","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2756","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000190056.76543.eb","article-title":"Dysphagia after stroke: Incidence, diagnosis, and pulmonary complications","volume":"36","author":"Martino","year":"2005","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2018.03.006","article-title":"Dysphagia in the older patient","volume":"51","author":"Nawaz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. 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