{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T03:13:54Z","timestamp":1788837234261,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]],"date-time":"2025-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747267200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"McIntire-Stennis","award":["70011735"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["70011735"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gels"],"abstract":"<jats:p>UiO-66-NH2 is a metal\u2013organic framework (MOF) with open metal sites, making it a promising candidate for adsorption and catalysis. However, the powdery texture of MOFs and the use of toxic solvents during synthesis limit their application. A novel solution to this issue is to create a layered porous composite by encasing the MOF within a flexible and structurally robust aerogel substrate using safe, eco-friendly, and green solvents such as ethanol. The fibrous MOF aerogels, characterized by a desirable macroscopic shape of cylindrical block and hierarchical porosity, were synthesized by two approaches: in situ growth of amine-functionalized UiO-66-NH2 crystals on a TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiber (TOCNF) and ex situ crosslinking of UiO-66-NH2 crystals onto a TOCNF network to form UiO-66-NH2\/TOCNF. The incorporation of MOF into the cellulose nanofibrils via the in situ method reduces their aggregation potential, alters the nucleation\/growth balance to produce smaller MOF crystals, and enhances mechanical flexibility, as evidenced by SEM images. The three adsorbents, including UiO-66-NH2, ex situ UiO-66-NH2\/TOCNF, and in situ UiO-66-NH2\/TOCNF, were synthesized and used in this study. The effects of pH, time, temperature, and initial concentration were studied. A maximum adsorption capacity (Qmax) of 549.45 mg\/g for Congo Red (CR) and 171.23 mg\/g for Orange II (ORII) was observed at pH 6, using 10 mg of in situ UiO-66-NH2\/TOCNF at 40 \u00b0C with a contact time of 75 min for CR and 2 h for ORII. The adsorption of both dyes primarily occurs through monolayer chemisorption on the in situ UiO-66-NH2\/TOCNF. The main removal mechanisms were hydrogen bonding and surface complexation. The noteworthy adsorption capacity of in situ UiO-66-NH2\/TOCNF coupled with environment-friendly fabrication techniques indicates its potential applications on a large scale in real wastewater systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/gels11050365","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]],"date-time":"2025-05-15T06:59:16Z","timestamp":1747292356000},"page":"365","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["A Novel Green In Situ Amine-Functionalized Aerogel UiO-66-NH2\/TOCNF for the Removal of Azo Anionic Dyes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5233-7452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rabia","family":"Amen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sustainable Bioproducts, Mississippi State University, P.O. Box 9820, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5148-3693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Islam","family":"Elsayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sustainable Bioproducts, Mississippi State University, P.O. Box 9820, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, New Damietta 34517, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5330-1670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yunsang","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sustainable Bioproducts, Mississippi State University, P.O. Box 9820, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6390-5240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregory T.","family":"Schueneman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI 53726, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9928-7758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emad M.","family":"El-Giar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sciences, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7980-9800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"El Barbary","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sustainable Bioproducts, Mississippi State University, P.O. 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