{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T03:50:12Z","timestamp":1777607412297,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748304000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science and Technology Council","award":["113-2622-E-038-002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["113-2622-E-038-002"]}]},{"name":"National Science and Technology Council","award":["113-2813-C-038-017-E"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["113-2813-C-038-017-E"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gels"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Strontium-added bioactive glass (SBG) has been widely used in bone tissue engineering. SBG can be prepared by conventional high-temperature melt-quenching or calcining sol-gelled powder at 700 \u00b0C or above. In the present study, the effects of calcination temperature (400\u2013650 \u00b0C) and the amount of strontium addition (0\u20137 mol.%) were investigated simultaneously. The sol-gel process and post-calcination were used to prepare the Sr-added 58S bioactive glass (SBG) powders. The bioactivity of the SBG powder was assessed by immersing it in simulated body fluid, while biocompatibility and cytotoxicity were evaluated using L929 and MG63 cells, and a zebrafish animal model. The calcination temperatures were determined by thermogravimetric analysis based on the weight loss at various stages. X-ray diffraction was used to reveal the crystalline structure of calcined or SBF-immersed SBG powders. Meanwhile, the texture characteristics of SBG powders were examined by the BET method. Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to investigate the absorption bands and powder morphology of SBG powders before and after SBF immersion. The experimental results showed that all SBG powders were mesoporous with a high specific surface area larger than 200 m2\/g. SBG powder calcined at 650 \u00b0C with 5% Sr addition possessed a major Ca14.92(PO4)2.35(SiO4)5.65 phase, the smallest pore size of 5.86 nm, and the largest specific surface area of 233 m2\/g. It was noncytotoxic and exhibited good bioactivity and biocompatibility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/gels11060401","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T11:12:57Z","timestamp":1748344377000},"page":"401","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effect of Calcination Temperature and Strontium Addition on the Properties of Sol-Gelled Bioactive Glass Powder"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-5935-9130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pei-Jung","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Manufacturing Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan"},{"name":"Research Center of Digital Oral Science and Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jia-Yu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chi-Han","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6643-6315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazuhiro","family":"Aoki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Oral Health Engineering, Graduate School, Institute of Science Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5684-5588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cherng-Yuh","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Manufacturing Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan"},{"name":"Research Center of Digital Oral Science and Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4964-8687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chung-Kwei","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center of Digital Oral Science and Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2012.08.023","article-title":"Review of bioactive glass: From Hench to hybrids","volume":"9","author":"Jones","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Biomater"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnoncrysol.2018.09.003","article-title":"Crystallization behavior of combeite in 45S5 Bioglass\u00ae via controlled heat treatment","volume":"502","author":"Karimi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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