{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T02:54:20Z","timestamp":1792464860812,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]],"date-time":"2025-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754956800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Dicle University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit (DUBAP)","award":["ECZACILIK.25.012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ECZACILIK.25.012"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gels"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Catalase is a pivotal antioxidant enzyme that decomposes hydrogen peroxide and reduces oxidative stress. However, its low thermal and operational stability limits applications in challenging environments, particularly those contaminated with emerging pollutants such as polystyrene-based microplastics (PS-MPs). In this study, cryogels composed of Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-allyl glycidyl ether) [Poly(HEMA-co-AGE)] were synthesized and evaluated as immobilization matrices to enhance catalase stability. Cryogels containing varying AGE concentrations were characterized using FT-IR, SEM, TEM, TGA, and BET analyses. The formulation with 250 \u00b5L AGE exhibited optimal physicochemical properties, including improved water retention, increased surface area, and high immobilization capacity (356.3 mg\u00b7g\u22121). Immobilized catalase maintained superior activity under PS-MP-induced stress across a range of concentrations (0\u20131.0 mg\u00b7mL\u22121), temperatures (4\u201360 \u00b0C), and exposure times (up to 5 h). Kinetic modeling revealed a significant improvement in substrate affinity, with Km decreasing from 54.9 to 17.1 mM, while Vmax decreased moderately. Long-term stability tests showed that immobilized catalase retained ~80% activity after 70 days at 4 \u00b0C and 55% after 15 reuse cycles. Desorption studies confirmed the reusability of the cryogel system. These findings suggest that Poly(HEMA-co-AGE) cryogels provide a robust and reusable platform for catalase stabilization, offering potential for applications such as wastewater treatment and biosensing in microplastic-contaminated systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/gels11080634","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]],"date-time":"2025-08-12T07:53:44Z","timestamp":1754985224000},"page":"634","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Cryogel-Immobilized Catalase as a Biocatalyst with Enhanced Stability Against Microplastics"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9158-6091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kadir","family":"Erol","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Hitit University, 19030 \u00c7orum, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0761-6436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehmet H\u00fcseyin","family":"Alkan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dicle University, 21280 Diyarbak\u0131r, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3080-2296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0130hsan","family":"Alacabey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Mardin Artuklu University, 47100 Mardin, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"9613090","article-title":"Role of catalase in oxidative stress- and age-associated degenerative diseases","volume":"2019","author":"Goyal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oxid. 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