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Intranasal administration offers a new strategy for CNS therapy by bypassing the BBB through the unique nasal-brain pathway, while nanodrug delivery systems (NDDSs) can improve drug delivery efficiency. On this basis, biomimetic drug delivery systems (BDDSs) based on cell membrane structure have been developed. The combination of nanoparticles modified by cell membranes or cell membrane-derived vesicles with carriers such as hydrogels creates a drug delivery system that utilizes a unique transnasal-to-brain pathway, opening new avenues for treating CNS disorders. This paper systematically reviews the classification, characteristics, and preparation strategies of BDDSs, while analyzing the anatomical pathways and physiological mechanisms of nasal\u2013cerebral delivery. Furthermore, it delves into the biogenesis mechanisms of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs). For CNS disorders, including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), ischemic stroke (IS), Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD), and Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD), this paper presents diverse applications and challenges of BDDSs in nasal\u2013cerebral delivery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/gels11110846","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T05:20:44Z","timestamp":1761196844000},"page":"846","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Cell Membrane- and Vesicle-Based Bionic Nanodrugs: Applications in Central Nervous System Diseases and Exploration of Nasal\u2013Cerebral Delivery"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Fan","family":"Ding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China"},{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Runzhe","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China"},{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuexun","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"tkaf013","DOI":"10.1093\/burnst\/tkaf013","article-title":"Engineered extracellular vesicles derived from pluripotent stem cells: A cell-free approach to regenerative medicine","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Burn. 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