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Their exceptional biocompatibility, biodegradability, high specific surface area, and tunable physicochemical properties make them highly promising for environmental remediation. This article systematically reviews the classification of bio-gels based on source, cross-linking mechanisms, and functional attributes. It also elaborates on their fundamental properties such as porous structure, high water absorbency, stimuli-responsiveness, and mechanical stability and examines how these properties influence their environmental remediation efficiency. This review comprehensively analyze the mechanisms and efficacy of bio-gels in adsorbing heavy metal ions, removing organic dyes, improving soil water retention, and restoring ecosystems. Special attention is given to the interactions between surface functional groups and contaminants, the role of porous structures in mass transfer, and the ecological effects within soil\u2013plant systems. Additionally, this review explores extended applications of bio-gels in medical tissue engineering, controlled release of drugs and fertilizers, and enhanced oil recovery, highlighting their versatility as multifunctional materials. Finally, based on current progress and challenges, this review outline key future research directions. These include elucidating microscopic interaction mechanisms, developing low-cost renewable feedstocks, designing multi-stimuli-responsive structures, improving long-term stability, and establishing full life-cycle environmental safety assessments. These efforts will help advance the efficient, precise, and sustainable use of bio-gels in environmental remediation, offering innovative solutions to complex environmental problems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/gels11110864","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T03:44:39Z","timestamp":1761795879000},"page":"864","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Multifunctional Bio-Gels in Environmental Remediation: Current Advances and Future Perspectives"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Baolei","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Catalysis and Carbon Dioxide Utilization (Yangtze University), Wuhan 430100, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Exploration Technologies for Oil and Gas Resources (Yangtze University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430100, China"},{"name":"School of Petroleum Engineering, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shixing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Petroleum Engineering, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingfeng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Petroleum Engineering, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cunyou","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianlong","family":"Xiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134725","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2024.134725","article-title":"Adsorption and distribution of heavy metals in aquatic environments: The role of colloids and effects of environmental factors","volume":"474","author":"Bao","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. 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