{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T16:33:38Z","timestamp":1790786018127,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761782400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science, Technological Development, and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia","award":["451-03-137\/2025-03\/200113"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-137\/2025-03\/200113"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science, Technological Development, and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia","award":["451-03-136\/2025-03\/200003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-136\/2025-03\/200003"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science, Technological Development, and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia","award":["451-03-136\/2025-03\/200161"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-136\/2025-03\/200161"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science, Technological Development, and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia","award":["451-03-136\/2025-03\/200026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-136\/2025-03\/200026"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gels"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Natural deep eutectic solvents (NaDES) represent novel biodegradable green extraction solvents obtained from natural metabolites such as sugars and organic acids. NaDES-based extracts have demonstrated better performance in in vitro assays compared to those obtained using conventional solvents. In this study, extracts of bilberry leaves (BL), bilberry fruits (BF), and green tea leaves (TL) were prepared using the following NaDES, respectively\u2014malic acid + glycerol (MG), citric acid + sorbitol (CS), and tartaric acid + sorbitol (TS), whose formation was confirmed via FTIR spectroscopy. With the aim to evaluate the effect of gels loaded with NaDES extracts on skin biophysical parameters 2 h prior their application, as well as their anti-irritation potential against sodium lauryl sulfate\u2013induced irritation, an in vivo study involving human volunteers was conducted. The results indicated that all extract-loaded gels exhibited notable anti-irritation potential, reducing artificially induced irritation and improving elevated skin parameters including transepidermal water loss (TEWL), erythema index (EI), and pH. The \u0394TEWL at CS\u2013BF site was 8.20 \u00b1 0.34, while at TS\u2013TL was 5.63 \u00b1 0.30. The short-term efficacy study revealed increased skin hydration across all treated sites, preservation of skin pH within physiological limits, and reduction in EI at the site treated with TS\u2013TL gel. Further in vivo studies are planned for confirming long-term skin effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/gels11110869","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T05:28:43Z","timestamp":1761888523000},"page":"869","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Skin Performance of Innovative NaDES-Based Gels: In Vivo Evaluation of Anti-Irritation Potential and Short-Term Efficacy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3648-5631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milica","family":"Martinovi\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ni\u0161, Boulevard Dr. Zorana Djindji\u0107a 81, 18108 Ni\u0161, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivana","family":"Ne\u0161i\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ni\u0161, Boulevard Dr. Zorana Djindji\u0107a 81, 18108 Ni\u0161, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1761-604X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanja M.","family":"Tadi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Institute for Medicinal Plant Research \u201cDr. Josif Pan\u010di\u0107\u201d, Tadeu\u0161a Koscu\u0161ka 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7722-6169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"\u017dugi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Institute for Medicinal Plant Research \u201cDr. Josif Pan\u010di\u0107\u201d, Tadeu\u0161a Koscu\u0161ka 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marija","family":"Tasi\u0107-Kostov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ni\u0161, Boulevard Dr. Zorana Djindji\u0107a 81, 18108 Ni\u0161, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Slavica","family":"Blagojevi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Chemistry and Instrumental Methods, University of Belgrade\u2014Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1403-4688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomislav","family":"Tosti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy\u2014National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 12\u201316, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1111\/ics.12592","article-title":"Encapsulating Plant Ingredients for Dermocosmetic Application: An Updated Review of Delivery Systems and Characterization Techniques","volume":"42","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. 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