{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T03:49:35Z","timestamp":1791863375359,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":182,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Project","award":["20260102052JC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20260102052JC"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["52305309"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52305309"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Changchun Talents Support Program\u2014Science and Technology Innovation Project","award":["2025ccyc16"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025ccyc16"]}]},{"name":"Key Project of Natural Science of Anhui Provincial Education Department","award":["2025AHGXZK30154"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025AHGXZK30154"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gels"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hydrogels are endowed with exceptional hydrophilicity and biocompatibility by their network structure, while also exhibiting soft physical properties similar to living tissues, which renders them ideal biomaterials. Responsive hydrogels\u2014particularly those constructed from multicomponent systems including proteins, polysaccharides, peptides, and polyphenols\u2014have emerged as a frontier research focus owing to their tunable responsiveness and controllable functional properties. In this review, hydrogel response mechanisms were categorized according to pH, ionic strength, temperature, light, enzymes, and multi-stimuli interactions. Key preparation strategies, encompassing chemical, physical, and enzymatic crosslinking, were systematically introduced. The preparation of hydrogels from various food-grade matrices, such as polysaccharide-based, protein-based, peptide-based, and polyphenol-based systems, was also summarized, with emphasis placed on how their tailored structures govern functional performance. Furthermore, innovative applications of responsive hydrogels were highlighted, including targeted delivery of nutrients and bioactive substances (e.g., probiotics, anthocyanins, vitamins) in functional foods, smart packaging and sensing for real-time freshness monitoring of meat and fruits, food quality detection through colorimetric and photothermal sensors, and 4D food printing for personalized nutrition and dysphagia-friendly foods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/gels12030233","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T13:12:24Z","timestamp":1773321144000},"page":"233","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogels in Food Sector: Multi-Component Design, Stimulus-Response Mechanisms, and Broad Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Zhiqing","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feiyao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1997-1010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lili","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3744-7901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liyan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9480-0310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Longwei","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Food and Nutrition, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2013.07.006","article-title":"Hydrogel: Preparation, characterization, and applications: A review","volume":"6","author":"Ahmed","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. 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