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To address these drawbacks, this study reports the green synthesis of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) using Amphipterygium glaucum leaf extract (AGLE) and the development of a guar gum-based nanocomposite (SeNPs@GG) loaded with these NPs. The synthesized SeNPs showed a stable UV\u2013Vis absorption band at 275 nm, a spherical morphology, and sizes ranging from 11 to 21 nm, as confirmed by TEM. FTIR and XPS analyses demonstrated interactions between Se and functional groups from the plant extract, indicating its dual role as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The guar gum nanocomposites (NCs) exhibited a porous structure with a homogeneous distribution of SeNPs, as evidenced by SEM and EDS. At the same time, XRD confirmed the crystalline nature of the SeNPs. In vitro cytotoxicity assays using HeLa cervical cancer cells revealed significant antiproliferative effects with a biphasic response related to Se\u2019s dual biological role. The IC50 values were 98.3 \u00b5g\/mL for SeNPs, 93.7 \u00b5g\/mL for SeNPs@GG1, and 93.5 \u00b5g\/mL for SeNPs@GG2. Additional analyses confirmed apoptosis, DNA fragmentation, ROS production, mitochondrial dysfunction, and G2\/M cell cycle arrest, supporting the potential of these systems as alternative chemotherapeutic strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/gels12050376","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T10:47:28Z","timestamp":1777546048000},"page":"376","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development and Characterization of a Guar Gum Bionanocomposite Loaded with Biogenic Selenium Nanoparticles and Its Cytotoxic Evaluation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Armando","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-D\u00edaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biotecnolog\u00eda M\u00e9dica y Farmac\u00e9utica, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n y Asistencia en Tecnolog\u00eda y Dise\u00f1o del Estado de Jalisco A.C., Guadalajara 44270, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9588-4555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Alejandra","family":"Arias-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biotecnolog\u00eda M\u00e9dica y Farmac\u00e9utica, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n y Asistencia en Tecnolog\u00eda y Dise\u00f1o del Estado de Jalisco A.C., Guadalajara 44270, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5772-1488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Guti\u00e9rrez-Becerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias B\u00e1sicas y Aplicadas, Centro Universitario de Tonal\u00e1 (Cutonal\u00e1), Universidad de Guadalajara, Tonal\u00e1 45425, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7733-5138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mauricio","family":"Comas-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de San Luis Potos\u00ed, San Luis Potos\u00ed 78210, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8272-0495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milton Oswaldo","family":"V\u00e1zquez-Lepe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda de Proyectos, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenier\u00edas (CUCEI), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Orlando","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Crist\u00f3bal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Morelia 58190, Michoac\u00e1n, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2551-2518","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soledad","family":"Garc\u00eda-Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biotecnolog\u00eda Vegetal, Secretar\u00eda de Ciencia, Humanidades, Tecnolog\u00eda e Innovaci\u00f3n-Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n y Asistencia en Tecnolog\u00eda y Dise\u00f1o del Estado de Jalisco A.C., Zapopan 45019, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8060-6832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mois\u00e9s","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Vel\u00e1zquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biotecnolog\u00eda M\u00e9dica y Farmac\u00e9utica, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n y Asistencia en Tecnolog\u00eda y Dise\u00f1o del Estado de Jalisco A.C., Guadalajara 44270, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9216-0612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zaira Yunuen","family":"Garc\u00eda-Carvajal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biotecnolog\u00eda M\u00e9dica y Farmac\u00e9utica, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n y Asistencia en Tecnolog\u00eda y Dise\u00f1o del Estado de Jalisco A.C., Guadalajara 44270, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Genchi, G., Lauria, G., Catalano, A., Sinicropi, M.S., and Carocci, A. 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