{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T09:53:36Z","timestamp":1785405216056,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013129","name":"Ministry of SMEs and Startups","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2024-00488421"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00488421"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["RS-2024-00488421"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00488421"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/022c4zk48","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Gachon University research project","award":["GCU-202406400001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GCU-202406400001"]}]},{"award":["GCU-202406400001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GCU-202406400001"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03ryywt80","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gels"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to investigate the wound-healing mechanisms of chitosan with a defined molecular weight (MW) and degree of deacetylation (DD), and to explore its potential in hydrogel formulations, optimized for enhanced antibacterial performance. An active molecular chitosan (AMC) was prepared via enzymatic treatment to target a specific MW range with excellent biological activity. The antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing effects of AMC-based hydrogels were evaluated. Given AMC\u2019s antibacterial activity against vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA), its anti-inflammatory effects were also evaluated in full-thickness wounds in BALB\/c nude mice. Anti-inflammatory effects were assessed using ELISA and immunohistochemical staining to measure levels of IL-1\u03b2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-\u03b1. AMC treatment significantly reduced wound size and suppressed inflammatory cytokine production. These results suggest that hydrogels containing AMC may enhance both antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, potentially promoting wound healing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/gels12050384","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T09:33:17Z","timestamp":1777627997000},"page":"384","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Promoting Wound Regeneration Through Targeted Suppression of Chronic Inflammation with Active Molecular Chitosan"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Ji Eun","family":"Yoo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, Gachon University, Seongnamdaero 1342, Seongnam-si 461-701, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zio","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, Gachon University, Seongnamdaero 1342, Seongnam-si 461-701, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong Hyun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, Gachon University, Seongnamdaero 1342, Seongnam-si 461-701, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae Kweon","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, Gachon University, Seongnamdaero 1342, Seongnam-si 461-701, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"tkac014","DOI":"10.1093\/burnst\/tkac014","article-title":"Challenges and innovations in treating chronic and acute wound infections: From basic science to clinical practice","volume":"10","author":"Ding","year":"2022","journal-title":"Burn. 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