{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T09:15:50Z","timestamp":1778750150019,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778716800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gels"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Oral mucosal and periodontal diseases are commonly associated with persistent inflammation, oxidative stress, impaired wound healing, and reduced oral health-related quality of life. Nano-Bio Fusion (NBF) gingival gel is a bioadhesive nano-formulated oral gel containing propolis, vitamin C, and vitamin E, developed for local application under oral soft tissue conditions. This critical narrative review aimed to evaluate the currently available evidence regarding the clinical applications, safety profile, and therapeutic potential of NBF gel in oral soft tissue therapy. A structured non-systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar, and 16 relevant studies were included. The available evidence suggests that NBF gel may provide clinical benefits as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal therapy, with reported improvements in plaque and gingival indices, periodontal probing depth, clinical attachment level, wound healing, and pain-related outcomes. In addition, potential beneficial effects have been reported in oral surgery-related wound healing, alveolar osteitis, desquamative gingivitis, erosive lichen planus, and xerostomia-associated mucositis. Several studies reported outcomes comparable to conventional therapies, including chlorhexidine-based regimens and locally delivered antimicrobials; however, the evidence remains heterogeneous and limited. Furthermore, the proposed biological mechanisms, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, and tissue-modulating effects, are not yet fully supported by mechanistic or pharmacokinetic evidence. The currently available literature is limited by heterogeneity in study design, small sample sizes, short follow-up periods, and limited independent validation. Therefore, further well-designed, adequately powered randomized controlled trials with standardized methodologies are required to better define the clinical role of NBF gel in evidence-based oral soft tissue therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/gels12050429","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T07:50:15Z","timestamp":1778745015000},"page":"429","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical Applications and Therapeutic Potential of Nano-Bio Fusion Gel in Oral Soft Tissue Therapy: A Critical Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"G\u00e1bor","family":"Kammerhofer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oro-Maxillofacial Surgery and Stomatology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00c1kos Tam\u00e1s","family":"Nagy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, Dental Student, Semmelweis University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00c1rp\u00e1d","family":"Jo\u00f3b-Fancsaly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oro-Maxillofacial Surgery and Stomatology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gy\u00f6rgy","family":"Szmirnov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oro-Maxillofacial Surgery and Stomatology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ilona","family":"Szmirnova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oro-Maxillofacial Surgery and Stomatology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2836-6747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D\u00e1niel","family":"V\u00e9gh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics, Semmelweis University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0728-7027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e1rton","family":"Kivovics","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Dentistry, Semmelweis University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gy\u00f6rgy","family":"Szab\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oro-Maxillofacial Surgery and Stomatology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zsolt","family":"N\u00e9meth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oro-Maxillofacial Surgery and Stomatology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/s40902-024-00445-6","article-title":"Clinical outcomes of NBF gel application in managing mucositis associated with xerostomia","volume":"46","author":"Kivovics","year":"2024","journal-title":"Maxillofac. 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