{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T11:36:03Z","timestamp":1785411363061,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779926400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015308","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025D01A151"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025D01A151"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015308","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"2025 Karamay Innovative Environment Construction Plan (Innovative Talents) Project","award":["2025DB0080"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025DB0080"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002862","name":"Research Foundation of China University of Petroleum-Beijing at Karamay","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["XQZX20240013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XQZX20240013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002862","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Open fund project of Key Laboratory for EOR of fractured vuggy reservoirs of Sinopec in 2025"},{"name":"Xinjiang Tianshan Innovation Team for Research and Application of High-Efficiency Oil and Gas Pipeline Transportation Technology","award":["2022TSYCTD0002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022TSYCTD0002"]}]},{"name":"Xinjiang Uygur Region \u201cOne Case, One Policy\u201d Strategic Talent Introduction Project","award":["XQZX20240054"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XQZX20240054"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China for Regional Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52562047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52562047"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["52562047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52562047"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gels"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Water channeling during water injection in mid-to-late development stages of low-permeability reservoirs in Xinjiang leads to a rapid water cut increase and reduced oil displacement efficiency, causing significant economic losses. This study systematically investigated two chemical systems\u2014a polyurethane (PU) plugging system and a urea-formaldehyde (UF) plugging system\u2014under simulated Xinjiang reservoir conditions. The PU plugging system formulation was optimized through control variable experiments, and both systems were evaluated for rheological properties, curing behavior, mechanical strength, salinity and temperature adaptability, and plugging performance using sand-pack displacement tests. The optimized PU plugging system cured at 80 \u00b0C for 1 h achieved a maximum plugging rate of 96% and a breakthrough pressure gradient of 4.2 MPa\u00b7m\u22121. The UF plugging system exhibited distinct temperature-triggered gelation, with viscosity rising exponentially above 60 \u00b0C, providing a plugging rate of 70% and a breakthrough pressure gradient of 1.0\u20132.0 MPa\u00b7m\u22121, suitable for deep fluid diversion. The PU plugging system offers high-strength near-wellbore plugging, while the UF plugging system enables controllable deep fluid diversion. Their complementary properties provide a comprehensive technical strategy for water channeling control in different low-permeability and high-temperature reservoirs in Xinjiang Oilfield.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/gels12060469","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T12:09:07Z","timestamp":1779970147000},"page":"469","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of the Water-Blocking Performance of Polyurethane Plugging System and Urea-Formaldehyde Plugging System in Xinjiang Oilfield"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Qianbing","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, China University of Petroleum-Beijing at Karamay, Karamay 834000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guanyu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, China University of Petroleum-Beijing at Karamay, Karamay 834000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruiqiang","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, China University of Petroleum-Beijing at Karamay, Karamay 834000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyue","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, China University of Petroleum-Beijing at Karamay, Karamay 834000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, China University of Petroleum-Beijing at Karamay, Karamay 834000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daoyong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, China University of Petroleum-Beijing at Karamay, Karamay 834000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinzhe","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, China University of Petroleum-Beijing at Karamay, Karamay 834000, China"},{"name":"Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Multi-Medium Pipeline Safety Transportation, Karamay 834000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5010-249X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lianghui","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, China University of Petroleum-Beijing at Karamay, Karamay 834000, China"},{"name":"Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Multi-Medium Pipeline Safety Transportation, Karamay 834000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1016\/S1876-3804(24)60518-5","article-title":"Research progress and potential of new enhanced oil recovery methods in oilfield development","volume":"51","author":"Yuan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pet. 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