{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T14:21:21Z","timestamp":1780410081847,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":170,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780358400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Heilongjiang Provincial Postdoctoral Research Startup Fund","award":["BSH2024-05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BSH2024-05"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gels"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sports injuries, especially musculoskeletal and neurological types from strenuous exercise, are a global public health challenge. Characterized by a high incidence and slow recovery, these injuries differ from typical trauma, often resulting in severe mechanical transmission loss and an imbalanced immune microenvironment. Consequently, standard interventions struggle to achieve true tissue regeneration. Gelatin, a collagen-derived biomaterial, offers RGD-mediated cell adhesion, MMP-responsive degradation, and high modifiability. These qualities make it an excellent foundation for biomimetic repair scaffolds. This paper reviews the design principles and recent advances in gelatin-based multifunctional hydrogels in sports medicine. First, we analyse their structure and engineering advantages. Next, we summarise strategies and mechanisms for modules like conductivity, antibacterial activity, self-healing, stimulus responsiveness, and tissue adhesion. The review links these modules to types of injuries: bone or cartilage, tendon or ligament, skeletal muscle, spinal cord, and peripheral nerve. It clarifies their clinical and translational value in remodelling immune microenvironments, regulating electrophysiology, promoting interfacial regeneration, and restoring motor function. This review provides focused insights from materials science and sports rehabilitation to advance precision treatments for sports injuries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/gels12060493","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T12:45:08Z","timestamp":1780404308000},"page":"493","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Gelatin-Based Multifunctional Hydrogels for Sports Injury Repair: Musculoskeletal and Nervous System Perspectives"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Jiangmei","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Kinesiology and Health, Graduate School, Harbin Sport University, Harbin 150008, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yutong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Kinesiology and Health, Graduate School, Harbin Sport University, Harbin 150008, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongchao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Kinesiology and Health, Graduate School, Harbin Sport University, Harbin 150008, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3791-7088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanan","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Science, Hohhot 010031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Art and Physical Education, Kyungil University, Gyeongsan-si 38428, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3885-8102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haihua","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenyan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Kinesiology and Health, Graduate School, Harbin Sport University, Harbin 150008, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Kinesiology and Health, Graduate School, Harbin Sport University, Harbin 150008, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xing","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Kinesiology and Health, Graduate School, Harbin Sport University, Harbin 150008, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70026","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.70026","article-title":"Dilemma in the Treatment of Sports Injuries in Athletes: Tendon Overuse, Muscle Strain, and Tendon Rupture","volume":"35","author":"Petersen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Scand. 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