{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T11:57:15Z","timestamp":1785412635724,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781827200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science and Technology Council","award":["NSTC: 112-2221-E-011-025-"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC: 112-2221-E-011-025-"]}]},{"award":["NSTC: 112-2221-E-011-025-"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC: 112-2221-E-011-025-"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02kv4zf79","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gels"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Recent studies have highlighted the potential of urinary bladder matrix (UBM) derived from decellularized porcine urinary bladder as a bioactive hydrogel. Despite its complex composition of over 100 proteins, Type I collagen is the primary constituent of UBM. Caco-2 cells are widely used as an in vitro model of the intestinal epithelium; however, to date, no published study has evaluated the effects of UBM on Caco-2 cells. In this study, Electric Cell\u2013Substrate Impedance Sensing (ECIS) was used to measure Caco-2 cell attachment and wound-healing migration on UBM-coated microelectrodes. Our results demonstrate that UBM hydrogel coating at 0.2 mg\/mL significantly accelerates cell attachment and enhances migration rates compared to uncoated controls. These stimulatory effects were comparable to those observed with 0.2 mg\/mL Type I collagen, suggesting that UBM can function as effectively as Type I collagen. We further monitored barrier formation in Caco-2 cells cultured on UBM-coated transwell membrane inserts using TEER measurements and scanning electron microscopy. The TEER values reached 300 \u03a9\u00b7cm2 within three days, indicating the rapid establishment of mature tight junctions. Overall, these results show that UBM hydrogel coatings are effective substrates for Caco-2 cells, performing as well as Type I collagen in all our tests.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/gels12060552","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T14:37:42Z","timestamp":1781879862000},"page":"552","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Application of ECIS to Evaluate the Effects of Porcine Urinary Bladder Matrix Hydrogels on Caco-2 Cell Attachment, Migration, and Barrier Formation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Wei-Ling","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi-Tien","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2716-7452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huynh-Quang-Dieu","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phenpitcha","family":"Charoensaensuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7364-1584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chen-Yu","family":"Kao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Defense Medical University, Taipei 11490, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4382-4512","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chun-Min","family":"Lo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.22094","article-title":"Structure and function of the skeletal muscle extracellular matrix","volume":"44","author":"Gillies","year":"2011","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(90)81291-U","article-title":"Extracellular matrix","volume":"268","author":"Robert","year":"1990","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mecham, R.P. 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