{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T23:45:04Z","timestamp":1787787904431,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Special Project on Cultural Research for the Revitalization of Culture Project in Henan Province","award":["2023XWH130"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023XWH130"]}]},{"name":"Henan University Social Science Horizontal Research Project","award":["SKH2025023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKH2025023"]}]},{"name":"Postgraduate Education Reform and Quality Improvement Project of Henan University","award":["SYL2025YJSKC10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SYL2025YJSKC10"]}]},{"name":"Postgraduate Education Reform and Quality Improvement Project of Henan Province","award":["YJS2026ZYKC47"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YJS2026ZYKC47"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gels"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The co-contamination of aquatic environments by antibiotic residues and organic dyes poses a serious threat to ecological security and human health, underscoring the urgent need for high-efficiency, recyclable, and environmentally benign adsorbents. Chitosan, a naturally occurring alkaline polysaccharide rich in reactive functional groups, has attracted considerable attention in water treatment applications. Nevertheless, its practical use is often constrained by intrinsic limitations, including poor stability in acidic media, inadequate mechanical strength, and difficulties in solid\u2013liquid separation. Chitosan-based hydrogels, featuring unique three-dimensional cross-linked networks, high porosity, and strong hydrophilicity, provide efficient mass-transfer pathways for macromolecular contaminants and thus offer a promising strategy to overcome the shortcomings of pristine chitosan. This review comprehensively summarizes recent advances in chitosan-based hydrogel adsorbents, with a focus on elucidating the critical structure\u2013performance relationships that link molecular\/structural design to adsorption efficacy. First, fabrication strategies are systematically reviewed, ranging from molecular-level modifications (e.g., grafting, chemical cross-linking, and interpenetrating polymer networks) to macroscopic structural engineering approaches (e.g., mechanically reinforced, magnetic, and stimuli-responsive hydrogels). Subsequently, adsorption behaviors toward representative classes of antibiotics, including tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, and sulfonamides, are critically examined, with emphasis on the underlying mechanisms such as electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, \u03c0\u2013\u03c0 stacking, and pore-filling effects. In addition, the removal performance of chitosan-based hydrogels for organic dyes with varying charge characteristics is summarized, together with an analysis of how environmental factors (e.g., pH and ionic strength) influence adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics. Finally, key challenges related to mechanical robustness, selective adsorption, and recyclability are discussed, and future perspectives are proposed for the development of multifunctional, synergistic, and intelligent, environmentally responsive chitosan-based hydrogel materials. This review aims to provide systematic insights and guidance for the rational design of advanced hydrogel adsorbents for the treatment of complex wastewater.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/gels12080658","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T06:11:42Z","timestamp":1784787102000},"page":"658","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Chitosan Hydrogels for Antibiotic Remediation and Dye Removal: A  Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Sai","family":"Yin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Fine Arts, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Fine Arts, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Longmei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jinshui Branch of Zhengzhou Natural Resources and Planning Bureau, Zhengzhou 450002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yida","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Art, Zhengzhou University of Science and Technology, Zhengzhou 450064, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianhui","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Fine Arts, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burnham, J.P. 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