{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T14:18:33Z","timestamp":1785421113207,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017170","name":"Thailand Science Research and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R2568B069"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R2568B069"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017170","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["R2568B069"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R2568B069"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/000025p04","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004944","name":"Naresuan University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["05360\/2567"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["05360\/2567"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004944","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["05360\/2567"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["05360\/2567"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03e2qe334","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gels"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chronic and diabetic wounds are characterized by persistent inflammation, excessive oxidative stress, and impaired cellular responses, collectively leading to delayed tissue repair. This study aimed to evaluate a thermoresponsive gel incorporating Aloe vera (AV) extracts and silk fibroin (SF), focusing on its biocompatibility, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and pro-regenerative potential. The AV: SF mixture and gel formulation were evaluated in macrophage-like THP-1 cells, and human diabetic dermal fibroblasts (HDdF) under non-induced and LPS\/IL-6\/TNF-\u03b1-induced inflammatory conditions. Both formulations maintained high cell viability across all cell types, indicating good biocompatibility. Under inflammatory conditions, both the AV: SF mixture and gel significantly reduced intracellular ROS levels and suppressed TNF-\u03b1 and IL-1\u03b2 secretion. In addition, NF-\u03baB p65 activation was attenuated in both macrophage-like THP-1 cells and HDdF. Macrophage-like THP-1 cells displayed the M2 (CD80low\/CD206high) phenotype, indicating modulation of macrophage polarization toward wound remodeling and repair. Overall, the AV: SF-based gel system demonstrated coordinated antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and pro-regenerative effects in vitro. These findings support its potential as a multifunctional biomaterial for modulating inflammation-associated cellular dysfunction in chronic and diabetic wound environments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/gels12080662","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T17:13:17Z","timestamp":1784826797000},"page":"662","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Modulating Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Responses of Aloe vera\u2013Silk Fibroin\u2013Chitosan Gel Formulation in Macrophages and Diabetic Fibroblasts Under Chronic Inflammatory-like Conditions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7877-024X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Phassorn","family":"Khumfu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand"},{"name":"UMR 1098 RIGHT INSERM EFS FC, DImaCell Imaging Resource Center, Marie & Louis Pasteur University, 25000 Besanc\u0327on, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vladimir","family":"Spasovski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR 1098 RIGHT INSERM EFS FC, DImaCell Imaging Resource Center, Marie & Louis Pasteur University, 25000 Besanc\u0327on, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5593-6779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sukunya","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2340-9568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gareth","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3538-7837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9line","family":"Viennet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR 1098 RIGHT INSERM EFS FC, DImaCell Imaging Resource Center, Marie & Louis Pasteur University, 25000 Besanc\u0327on, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jarupa","family":"Viyoch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand"},{"name":"Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH\u2013CIC), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144831","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.144831","article-title":"Hyaluronic acid microneedle patch for transdermal delivery of frankincense and myrrh bioactives to alleviate inflammation and enhance diabetic ulcer healing","volume":"317","author":"Hu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. 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