{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T14:00:19Z","timestamp":1792072819050,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":136,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gels"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Biomimetic hydrogels have emerged as versatile bioelectronic interface materials for bioelectronics and human\u2013machine interfaces (HMIs), enabling mechanically compliant and multifunctional interactions between electronic devices and biological tissues. Inspired by the structures and functions of biological systems, these hydrogels incorporate tissue-like mechanics, efficient ionic\/electronic transport, robust wet adhesion, and environmental adaptability within hydrated polymer networks, enabling stable bioelectronic interfaces. This review first categorizes biomimetic hydrogels into polymer-based hydrogels, carbon\u2013polymer composites, and metal\u2013polymer composites, with emphasis on their structural features and functional properties. We then discuss biomimetic strategies for regulating charge transport, mechanical performance, and interfacial adhesion through structural and molecular engineering, highlighting how biomimetic principles are translated into material properties. Finally, representative applications in electrophysiological monitoring, biochemical sensing, gesture recognition, and robotic control are discussed to establish the link between biomimetic material design and device functionality. Overall, this review highlights the design principles that connect biological inspiration to material properties and bioelectronic functions, providing a framework for the development of hydrogel-based biointerfaces for advanced bioelectronics and HMIs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/gels12090772","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T12:27:46Z","timestamp":1787920066000},"page":"772","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Recent Advances in Biomimetic Hydrogels for Bioelectronics and Human\u2013Machine Interactions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Tianzeng","family":"Hong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science, Henan Institute of Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenpeng","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Buwei","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shihao","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science, Henan Institute of Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiwei","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8232-8673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Baojin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3436-633X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanchao","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06628-x","article-title":"Injectable tissue prosthesis for instantaneous closed-loop rehabilitation","volume":"623","author":"Jin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07161-1","article-title":"A three-dimensional liquid diode for soft, integrated permeable electronics","volume":"628","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e09122","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202509122","article-title":"Ionic Hydrogel Sensors toward Next-Gen Personalized Healthcare","volume":"38","author":"Sun","year":"2026","journal-title":"Adv. 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