{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T11:18:54Z","timestamp":1788261534421,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Science and Technology Development Plan Project of Jilin Province","award":["20220508059RC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20220508059RC"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010211","name":"Jilin Provincial Department of Education Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JJKH20190802KJ"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JJKH20190802KJ"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010211","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Jilin Higher Education Association","award":["JGJX25D0809"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JGJX25D0809"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gels"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hydrogels have attracted considerable attention due to their ability to undergo rapid and reversible phase transitions in response to external stimuli. In this work, a novel multi-responsive hydrogel (PT-Gel) was synthesized via the crosslinking of a linear poly(PEGDGE-co-PPGDGE) prepolymer (designated polyPEMPP, where PEMPP stands for Poly(Ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether-co-Poly(Propylene glycol) diglycidyl ether) with trimethylolpropane tris(2-methyl-1-aziridinepropionate) (T-403), a trifunctional amine crosslinker. The phase transition behavior was evaluated by UV\u2013Vis transmittance measurements at 600 nm as a function of temperature. The phase transition temperature (TT) of PT-Gels can be precisely tuned from 11.8 \u00b1 0.5 \u00b0C to 76.3 \u00b1 1.2 \u00b0C by adjusting the hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDGE) content (0\u201335%), pH (5.0\u201310.5), NaCl concentration (0\u20130.9 wt%), and urea concentration (0\u20130.7 wt%). Specifically, TT exhibits a nearly linear positive correlation with PEGDGE content and a linear negative correlation with pH, decreasing by 4.8 \u00b1 0.6 \u00b0C per pH unit. The addition of 0.9 wt% NaCl lowers TT by 11.7 \u00b1 0.8 \u00b0C through charge screening, while 0.7 wt% urea elevates TT by 36.5 \u00b1 1.5 \u00b0C through hydrogen bond disruption. For the optimal formulation (15% PEGDGE, pH 7.7), TT and transition width (\u0394T) are 34.2 \u00b1 0.6 \u00b0C and 4.2 \u00b1 0.3 \u00b0C, respectively. PT-Gels demonstrate excellent reversible phase transition behavior, maintaining stable transmittance cycles between 98.7 \u00b1 0.5% and 1.2 \u00b1 0.3% over five consecutive heating\u2013cooling cycles without significant degradation. The main driving forces for the phase transition are identified as hydrophobic interactions, electrostatic repulsion, and hydrogen bonding. This proof-of-concept study provides a rational design strategy for multi-responsive hydrogels with tunable phase transition for applications in smart drug delivery, sensors, and separation systems, while the current limitations include the need for further structural characterization and mechanical property evaluation for specific biomedical applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/gels12090793","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T10:32:18Z","timestamp":1788258738000},"page":"793","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Preparation and Phase Transition Study of a Multi-Environmentally Sensitive Hydrogel"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Bao","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Grain Engineering and Nutritional Science, Jilin Business and Technology College, Changchun 130507, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengya","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liqiu","family":"Zhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Mobile Communications Group Co., Ltd., Changchun 130507, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Grain Engineering and Nutritional Science, Jilin Business and Technology College, Changchun 130507, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haijuan","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Grain Engineering and Nutritional Science, Jilin Business and Technology College, Changchun 130507, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Grain Engineering and Nutritional Science, Jilin Business and Technology College, Changchun 130507, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengqi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat2614","article-title":"Emerging Applications of Stimuli-Responsive Polymer Materials","volume":"9","author":"Stuart","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. 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