{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T05:18:22Z","timestamp":1788585502933,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":119,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003141","name":"Secretar\u00eda de Ciencia, Humanidades, Tecnolog\u00eda e Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["CBF2023-2024-2164"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CBF2023-2024-2164"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003141","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["CBF2023-2024-2164"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CBF2023-2024-2164"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/059ex5q34","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades of Spain","award":["PID2024-156449OB-C21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2024-156449OB-C21"]}]},{"award":["PID2024-156449OB-C21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2024-156449OB-C21"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05r0vyz12","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gels"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vaginal drug delivery offers a critical route for local treatments but is limited by short formulation residence times. This study describes a thermosensitive in situ gel prepared by the cold-dissolution method from a ternary blend of Pluronic F127, Carbopol 940, and HPMC for localized vaginal therapy. We used ibuprofen as a model drug selected for its reported anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative activity. The hydrogels exhibited a constant gelation temperature of 28 \u00b0C and high viscosity under simulated physiological conditions; ibuprofen incorporation further reduced susceptibility to gravitational leakage. FTIR, XRD, and DSC analyses confirmed stable physical cross-linking of the polymer network and amorphous molecular dispersion of ibuprofen. Peppas\u2013Sahlin modelling revealed a controlled, sustained release profile (&gt;50% over 24 h) predominantly governed by Fickian diffusion (69%). The blank hydrogel exhibited high biocompatibility (&gt;75% viability). In contrast, the ibuprofen-loaded matrix exhibited a concentration-dependent cytotoxic effect on HeLa cervical cancer cells, reducing cell viability to ~12% at the full extract concentration. Overall, this ternary hydrogel platform represents a stable, promising vehicle for sustained local administration of ibuprofen in the vaginal microenvironment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/gels12090807","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T11:08:53Z","timestamp":1788433733000},"page":"807","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Poloxamer\/HPMC\/Carbopol-Based Thermosensitive Hydrogel Loaded with Ibuprofen for Potential Vaginal Drug Release"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Gladys Arline","family":"Politr\u00f3n Zepeda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotecnolog\u00eda M\u00e9dica y Farmac\u00e9utica, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n y Asistencia en Tecnolog\u00eda y Dise\u00f1o del Estado de Jalisco A.C., (CIATEJ), Normalistas No. 800, Guadalajara 44270,  Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5993-8114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ernesto","family":"Tinajero-D\u00edaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament d\u2019Enginyeria Qu\u00edmica, Barcelona School of Industrial Engineering (ETSEIB), Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya, Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8105-2168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antxon Mart\u00ednez de","family":"Ilarduya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament d\u2019Enginyeria Qu\u00edmica, Barcelona School of Industrial Engineering (ETSEIB), Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya, Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3383-985X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rogelio","family":"Rodr\u00edguez Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Centro Universitario de los Valles (CUVALLES), Universidad de Guadalajara, Carretera Guadalajara-Ameca Km. 45.5, Ameca 46600, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregorio Guadalupe Carbajal","family":"Ar\u00edzaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, CUCEI, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44430, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8341-9007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aldo Corona","family":"Escalera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotecnolog\u00eda M\u00e9dica y Farmac\u00e9utica, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n y Asistencia en Tecnolog\u00eda y Dise\u00f1o del Estado de Jalisco A.C., (CIATEJ), Normalistas No. 800, Guadalajara 44270,  Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathaly","family":"Vasquez Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8060-6832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mois\u00e9s Mart\u00ednez","family":"Vel\u00e1zquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotecnolog\u00eda M\u00e9dica y Farmac\u00e9utica, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n y Asistencia en Tecnolog\u00eda y Dise\u00f1o del Estado de Jalisco A.C., (CIATEJ), Normalistas No. 800, Guadalajara 44270,  Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9216-0612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zaira Yunuen Garc\u00eda","family":"Carvajal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotecnolog\u00eda M\u00e9dica y Farmac\u00e9utica, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n y Asistencia en Tecnolog\u00eda y Dise\u00f1o del Estado de Jalisco A.C., (CIATEJ), Normalistas No. 800, Guadalajara 44270,  Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3564060","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/3564060","article-title":"Thermosensitive Chitosan Hydrogels Containing Polymeric Microspheres for Vaginal Drug Delivery","volume":"2017","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed. 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