{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T15:09:01Z","timestamp":1788793741137,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788566400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Tianshan Talent Program of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region","award":["2023TSYCCX0038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023TSYCCX0038"]}]},{"name":"Outstanding Youth Project of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region","award":["2024D01E04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024D01E04"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22365029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22365029"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["22365029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22365029"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Tianshan Innovation Team Project of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region","award":["2026D15002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026D15002"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gels"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Transforming agricultural residues into functional porous materials provides a sustainable strategy for wastewater remediation. Herein, cellulose was separated from cotton stalks via formic acid-assisted hemicellulose extraction and sodium chlorite delignification, and then sulfuric acid hydrolysis. Chitosan-assisted hydrothermally treated cellulose (CC) was prepared via hydrothermal treatment in the presence of chitosan. Anisotropic CC\/chitosan composite aerogels were prepared via glutaraldehyde crosslinking and unidirectional freeze-drying. The hydrophilic CC\/CS aerogel exhibited an oriented porous structure, a low density of 0.03 g cm\u22123, and a porosity of 85.33%. For Congo red (CR) adsorption, the equilibrium data were described well by the pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm models, with a calculated maximum adsorption capacity of 483.09 mg g\u22121. Electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bonding, and pore-mediated retention jointly contributed to CR uptake. To realize oil\u2013water separation, methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) vapor modification was applied to prepare hydrophobic aerogel (M-CC\/CS). M-CC\/CS presented an initial water contact angle (WCA) of around 134\u00b0, and the WCA remained above 115\u00b0 after 600 s of water droplet exposure. The aerogel showed absorption capacities of 16.22\u201340.13 g g\u22121 toward various oils and organic solvents. Under gravity, M-CC\/CS separated immiscible oil\/water mixtures at a flux of 565.47 L m\u22122 h\u22121 and several water-in-oil (W\/O) emulsions with efficiencies above 99.9% while maintaining high separation efficiency over 10 cycles. This work demonstrates a cotton-stalk-derived aerogel platform whose hydrophilic and hydrophobically modified forms can be used for dye adsorption and oily water treatment, respectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/gels12090814","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T13:53:28Z","timestamp":1788789208000},"page":"814","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Anisotropic Cotton-Stalk-Derived Hydrothermally Treated Cellulose\u2013Chitosan Aerogels Toward Anionic Dye Adsorption and Water-in-Oil Emulsion Separation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Shixue","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, School of Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China"},{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering & Center for Post-doctoral Studies of Mechanical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengbo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, School of Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daning","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, School of Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronglan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, School of Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7157","DOI":"10.1007\/s10570-023-05307-4","article-title":"Superhydrophobic sodium alginate\/cellulose aerogel for dye adsorption and oil\u2013water separation","volume":"30","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cellulose"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.129713","article-title":"Aerogels for water treatment: A review","volume":"329","author":"Ganesamoorthy","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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