{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T15:09:05Z","timestamp":1788793745341,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52574065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52574065"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52341401"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52341401"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["52574065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52574065"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["52341401"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52341401"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum","award":["2462023YJRC001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2462023YJRC001"]}]},{"award":["2462023YJRC001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2462023YJRC001"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/041qf4r12","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002862","name":"Frontier Interdisciplinary Exploration Research Program of China University of Petroleum","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2462025XKQY010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2462025XKQY010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002862","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["2462025XKQY010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2462025XKQY010"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/041qf4r12","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gels"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Polymer gels are essential functional materials for subsurface energy operations, playing a critical role in conformance control, fluid diversion, hydraulic fracturing, and leakage mitigation. As reservoirs become increasingly complex and the demand for sustainable energy grows, continued innovation in gel technologies is crucial. This editorial introduces a Special Issue titled \u201cAdvances and Applications of Polymer Gels for Subsurface Energy and Storage,\u201d which compiles seven original research articles exploring recent developments in gel synthesis, characterization, and applications. The featured studies highlight the versatility of polymer gels, including nanoparticle-reinforced composites, foam\u2013gel hybrids, recrosslinkable preformed particle gels, and advanced fracturing fluids. The contributions address key challenges across CO2-enhanced oil recovery, heavy oil production, low-permeability reservoir fracturing, and combined enhanced oil recovery strategies. The findings demonstrate ongoing efforts to tailor gel systems for harsh reservoir conditions, improve sweep efficiency, and reduce formation damage, fostering more efficient and sustainable subsurface engineering practices. This Special Issue serves as a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners advancing polymer gel technologies for energy and storage applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/gels12090821","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T13:53:28Z","timestamp":1788789208000},"page":"821","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Editorial for the Special Issue \u201cAdvances and Applications of Polymer Gels for Subsurface Energy and Storage\u201d"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Baojun","family":"Bai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingyang","family":"Pu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Energy Innovation, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oreoa.2025.100109","article-title":"A comprehensive review of advanced polymer gel technologies in enhanced oil recovery and water production control","volume":"19","author":"Borhani","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ore Energy Resour. Geol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1007\/s10973-014-3754-y","article-title":"Gelation kinetics of PAM\/PEI system","volume":"116","author":"Sultan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Therm. Anal. Calorim."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/S1876-3804(15)30045-8","article-title":"A comprehensive review of polyacrylamide polymer gels for conformance control","volume":"42","author":"Bai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pet. Explor. Dev."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104672","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earscirev.2023.104672","article-title":"Comprehensive review of CO2 geological storage: Exploring principles, mechanisms, and prospects","volume":"249","author":"Bashir","year":"2024","journal-title":"Earth-Sci. Rev."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119773","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2025.119773","article-title":"CO2-responsive gels for enhanced oil recovery and carbon sequestration: A comprehensive review of design and applications","volume":"13","author":"Yu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Environ. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Telin, A., Lenchenkova, L., Yakubov, R., and Poteshkina, K. (2023). Application of Hydrogels and Hydrocarbon-Based Gels in Oil Production Processes and Well Drilling. Gels, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/gels9080609"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1714","DOI":"10.2118\/191697-PA","article-title":"A recrosslinkable preformed particle gel for conformance control in heterogeneous reservoirs containing linear-flow features","volume":"24","author":"Pu","year":"2019","journal-title":"SPE J."}],"container-title":["Gels"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2310-2861\/12\/9\/821\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T14:21:50Z","timestamp":1788790910000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2310-2861\/12\/9\/821"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]]},"references-count":7,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["gels12090821"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/gels12090821","relation":{},"ISSN":["2310-2861"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2310-2861","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]]}}}