{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T12:25:51Z","timestamp":1789129551825,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gels"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Photocrosslinked gelatin methacryloyl\/methacrylated chitosan (GelMA\/CSMA) hydrogels are attractive for biomedical applications but are limited by insufficient mechanical strength. Here, \u03b3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTS) was prehydrolyzed and condensed to generate siloxane species retaining polymerizable methacrylate groups, which were subsequently incorporated into the GelMA\/CSMA network as a reinforcing phase. The effects of MPTS precursor concentration (2\u20135% w\/v) and prehydrolysis time (12\u201348 h) on the morphology, viscoelasticity, compressive behavior, cytocompatibility, and DLP printability of the resulting GCM hydrogels were systematically investigated. FTIR confirmed methoxy-group consumption while retaining C=C functionality. SEM showed that increasing MPTS precursor concentration increased the apparent abundance of granular features, whereas prolonged prehydrolysis produced larger structures. XRD indicated a predominantly amorphous MPTS-derived phase. GCM-48 h-5% achieved a storage modulus of 23.5 kPa, compressive modulus of 0.682 MPa, and maximum compressive stress of 1.081 MPa, corresponding to 7.4-, 16.9-, and 4.0-fold increases over the GelMA\/CSMA control, respectively. The hydrogels exhibited favorable L929 cytocompatibility and retained DLP printability under 405 nm irradiation. These findings demonstrate that regulating MPTS precursor concentration and prehydrolysis time provides a simple route to mechanically reinforce DLP-printable GelMA\/CSMA hydrogels without directly incorporating preformed silica particles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/gels12090833","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T10:51:37Z","timestamp":1789123897000},"page":"833","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Siloxane-Reinforced GelMA\/Methacrylated Chitosan Hydrogels for DLP Printing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Yufan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Advanced Materials and Future Technology, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 102488, China"},{"name":"Plastic Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Health and Safety Quality Evaluation Technology, Beijing 100048, China"},{"name":"College of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Advanced Materials and Future Technology, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 102488, China"},{"name":"Plastic Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Health and Safety Quality Evaluation Technology, Beijing 100048, China"},{"name":"College of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Advanced Materials and Future Technology, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 102488, China"},{"name":"Plastic Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Health and Safety Quality Evaluation Technology, Beijing 100048, China"},{"name":"College of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Xueqin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Advanced Materials and Future Technology, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 102488, China"},{"name":"Plastic Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Health and Safety Quality Evaluation Technology, Beijing 100048, China"},{"name":"College of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8492-0338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yunxuan","family":"Weng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Advanced Materials and Future Technology, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 102488, China"},{"name":"Plastic Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Health and Safety Quality Evaluation Technology, Beijing 100048, China"},{"name":"College of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2022.110163","article-title":"DLP Fabricating of Precision GelMA\/HAp Porous Composite Scaffold for Bone Tissue Engineering Application","volume":"244","author":"Song","year":"2022","journal-title":"Compos. 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