{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T15:31:03Z","timestamp":1789659063571,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":149,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51802094"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51802094"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["51802094"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51802094"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004735","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024JJ7164"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024JJ7164"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004735","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department","award":["25A0427"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25A0427"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/026meb765","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["25A0427"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25A0427"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/026meb765","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Social Science Foundation of Hunan Province","award":["25YBA332"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25YBA332"]}]},{"name":"Packaging Science Foundation of Hunan University of Technology","award":["2026BZJXY06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026BZJXY06"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04j3vr751","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["2026BZJXY06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026BZJXY06"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04j3vr751","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Hunan Provincial Innovation Training Program for College Students","award":["S202511535180"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S202511535180"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gels"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Conventional petroleum-based plastic packaging is facing formidable challenges in terms of both environmental sustainability and precise quality regulation of food products, compelling the food packaging industry to pivot toward biodegradable, recyclable, and intelligent solutions. Hydrogels, characterized by their unique three-dimensional network architecture, high water content, and excellent biocompatibility, have emerged as promising candidates for constructing next-generation sustainable food-packaging systems. This review presents a structured critical overview of the recent progress in multifunctional hydrogels derived from natural and synthetic polymers for food packaging applications. We begin by summarizing the structural characteristics and functional attributes of various polymeric substrates from different sources. Subsequently, we place emphasis on elucidating the molecular design and microstructural engineering strategies that enable enhanced mechanical properties, confer antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, and impart pH\/gas-responsive intelligent functionalities. Furthermore, the regulatory mechanisms of forming and processing technologies\u2014including solution casting, electrospinning, and three-dimensional printing\u2014on the structure and performance of hydrogel-based packaging materials are discussed in depth. Finally, in view of the key bottlenecks currently impeding the widespread adoption of hydrogel packaging materials, particularly regarding water resistance, scalable production, and cost control, we outline future directions toward multifunctional synergism and quantitatively evaluated life-cycle performance. This review aims to provide a systematic theoretical basis and technical reference for the rational design of high-performance, intelligent, and sustainable food packaging systems for the future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/gels12090847","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T16:07:29Z","timestamp":1789574849000},"page":"847","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A New Paradigm for Sustainable Food Packaging: Construction, Properties, and Applications of Multifunctional Hydrogels"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Jin","family":"Yao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Packaging Design and Art & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Packaging Design and Art & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0745-1405","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tian","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Packaging Design and Art & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Niemczyk-Soczynska, B., and Sajkiewicz, P.\u0141. (2025). Hydrogel-Based Systems as Smart Food Packaging: A Review. Polymers, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym17081005"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2009.04.003","article-title":"Development of polyion-complex hydrogels as an alternative approach for the production of bio-based polymers for food packaging applications: A review","volume":"20","author":"Farris","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125845","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.125845","article-title":"Sustainable polysaccharide and protein hydrogel-based packaging materials for food products: A review","volume":"248","author":"Sudheer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2018.10.006","article-title":"Hydrogel as an alternative structure for food packaging systems","volume":"205","author":"Batista","year":"2019","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1007\/s12034-019-1908-z","article-title":"Use of colorimetric hydrogel as an indicator for food packaging applications","volume":"42","author":"Alpaslan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bull. Mater. Sci."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, L., Yuan, Q.-Y., Lou, C.-W., Lin, J.-H., and Li, T.-T. (2024). Recent Advances of Cellulose-Based Hydrogels Combined with Natural Colorants in Smart Food Packaging. Gels, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/gels10120755"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"012037","DOI":"10.1088\/1757-899X\/1143\/1\/012037","article-title":"Pediocin and Grape Seed Extract as Antimicrobial Agents in Nanocellulose Biobased Food Packaging: A Review","volume":"1143","author":"Weslie","year":"2021","journal-title":"IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9545","DOI":"10.1021\/acsapm.4c01240","article-title":"Chitosan-graft-Pomegranate Extract Hydrogel: A Dual-Functional Pad for Antibacterial and Antioxidant Enhancement for Shelf Life Extension in Food Packaging","volume":"6","author":"Jahanbakhshi","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Polym. Mater."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2025.117162","article-title":"An antimicrobial packaging film based on a copolymer of lipoic acid-quaternary ammonium salt derivative and chitosan for its utilization in the preservation of grapes","volume":"220","author":"Zhu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qu, T., Wang, X., and Zhang, F. (2025). Antibacterial Food Packaging with Chitosan and Cellulose Blends for Food Preservation. Polymers, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym17131850"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.102","article-title":"High-performance carboxymethyl cellulose-based hydrogel film for food packaging and preservation system","volume":"223","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3769","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.1c00588","article-title":"Super Anti-Wetting Colorimetric Starch-Based Film Modified with Poly(dimethylsiloxane) and Micro-\/Nano-Starch for Aquatic-Product Freshness Monitoring","volume":"22","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu, B., Zhong, Y., Wang, D., and Deng, Y. (2023). Active and Intelligent Biodegradable Packaging Based on Anthocyanins for Preserving and Monitoring Protein-Rich Foods. Foods, 12.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202312.0274.v1"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139027","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2024.139027","article-title":"Facile fabrication of microfibrillated cellulose-based aerogels incorporated with nisin\/\u03b2-cyclodextrin microcapsule for channel catfish preservation","volume":"448","author":"Gou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2025.111571","article-title":"Development of eco-friendly chitosan films enhanced with bioactive citric acid-based deep eutectic agents for sustainable food packaging and fish preservation","volume":"168","author":"Shi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Hydrocoll."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107989","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2022.107989","article-title":"Anthocyanins-encapsulated 3D-printable bigels: A colorimetric and leaching-resistant volatile amines sensor for intelligent food packaging","volume":"133","author":"Zhai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Hydrocoll."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2021.118476","article-title":"Cellulosic films reinforced by chitosan-citric complex for meat preservation: Influence of nonenzymatic browning","volume":"272","author":"Song","year":"2021","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147962","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.147962","article-title":"Preparation and characterization of chitosan\/hydroxyethyl cellulose interpenetrating network hydrogel films for meat preservation","volume":"330","author":"Cui","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170727","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.170727","article-title":"Novel self-assembled antimicrobial peptide Pardaxin hydrogel as a functional biomaterial for food packaging and preservation","volume":"525","author":"Selvaraj","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148797","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.148797","article-title":"Keratin hydrogel loaded with Cu nanoparticles\u2013carbon quantum dots nanocomposites: A sustainable solution for active meat packaging","volume":"333","author":"Camilli","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2025.138298","article-title":"Fabrication of High-strength and UV-shielding transparent wood films via organic-inorganic hybridization","volume":"727","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. A"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2026.149541","article-title":"Sustainable starch-based barrier materials: Functional advancements for a plastic-free food packaging future","volume":"517","author":"Chang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aej.2024.01.080","article-title":"Applications of biodegradable materials in food packaging: A review","volume":"91","author":"Cheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Alex. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.afres.2026.102111","article-title":"Recent advances in polylactic acid (PLA)-based sustainable food packaging: A comprehensive review","volume":"6","author":"Jasrotia","year":"2026","journal-title":"Appl. Food Res."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trotta, F., Da Silva, S., Massironi, A., Mirpoor, S.F., Lignou, S., Ghawi, S.K., and Charalampopoulos, D. (2023). Silver Bionanocomposites as Active Food Packaging: Recent Advances & Future Trends Tackling the Food Waste Crisis. Polymers, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym15214243"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129628","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.129628","article-title":"Natural polysaccharides and proteins-based films for potential food packaging and mulch applications: A review","volume":"261","author":"Hassan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2020.04.014","article-title":"Scaling up difficulties and commercial aspects of edible films for food packaging: A review","volume":"100","author":"Chandrasekaran","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107546","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2022.107546","article-title":"Development of a food packaging antibacterial hydrogel based on gelatin, chitosan, and 3-phenyllactic acid for the shelf-life extension of chilled chicken","volume":"127","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Hydrocoll."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"100983","article-title":"Synthesis and characterization of a hydrogel film based on chitosan\/carboxymethyl cellulose for food packaging applications","volume":"11","author":"Sabzevari","year":"2025","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym. Technol. Appl."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130837","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.130837","article-title":"Avocado seed starch utilized in eco-friendly, UV-blocking, and high-barrier polylactic acid (PLA) biocomposites for active food packaging applications","volume":"265","author":"Ding","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1021\/acsabm.9b00992","article-title":"Regenerated Cellulose Films with Amino-Terminated Hyperbranched Polyamic Anchored Nanosilver for Active Food Packaging","volume":"3","author":"Gu","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Bio Mater."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5997","DOI":"10.1007\/s10570-024-05975-w","article-title":"Poly(lactic acid)\/nanocellulose biocomposites for sustainable food packaging","volume":"31","author":"Jacob","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cellulose"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3374","DOI":"10.1021\/acsfoodscitech.5c00405","article-title":"Engineering Pectin Biobased Films with Bacterial Cellulose Nanostructures for Enhanced Food Packaging Performance","volume":"5","author":"Sarafidou","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, Y., Miao, X., Lan, X., Luo, J., Luo, T., Zhong, Z., Gao, X., Mafang, Z., Ji, J., and Wang, H. (2020). Angelica Essential Oil Loaded Electrospun Gelatin Nanofibers for Active Food Packaging Application. Polymers, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym12020299"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Castro, J.I., Navia-Porras, D.P., Arbel\u00e1ez Cort\u00e9s, J.A., Mina Hern\u00e1ndez, J.H., and Grande-Tovar, C.D. (2022). Synthesis, Characterization, and Optimization Studies of Starch\/Chicken Gelatin Composites for Food-Packaging Applications. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27072264"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2021.108322","article-title":"Nanoreinforced biodegradable gelatin based active food packaging film for the enhancement of shelf life of tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.)","volume":"130","author":"Sooch","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9667","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2022.2070721","article-title":"Plant protein-based nanocomposite films: A review on the used nanomaterials, characteristics, and food packaging applications","volume":"63","author":"Jafarzadeh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109903","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2024.109903","article-title":"Blending of polysaccharide-based carrot pomace with vegetable proteins for biocomposites with optimized performance for food packaging applications","volume":"152","author":"Merino","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Hydrocoll."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101076","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fpsl.2023.101076","article-title":"Antimicrobial pseudolatex zein films with encapsulated carvacrol for sustainable food packaging","volume":"37","author":"Babayev","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Packag. Shelf Life"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8331","DOI":"10.1007\/s13399-024-05669-0","article-title":"Green active films\/coatings based on seafood by-products (chitosan and gelatin): A powerful tool in food packaging","volume":"15","author":"Smaoui","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomass Convers. Biorefin."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chaari, M., Elhadef, K., Akermi, S., Ben Akacha, B., Fourati, M., Chakchouk Mtibaa, A., Ennouri, M., Sarkar, T., Shariati, M.A., and Rebezov, M. (2022). Novel Active Food Packaging Films Based on Gelatin-Sodium Alginate Containing Beetroot Peel Extract. Antioxidants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11112095"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2457","DOI":"10.1007\/s12221-024-00592-7","article-title":"Tailoring of Gelatin-Chitosan Nanofibers Functionalized with Eucalyptus Essential Oil via Electroblowing for Potential Food Packaging and Wound Dressing Applications","volume":"25","author":"Elomar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Fibers Polym."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5037","DOI":"10.1021\/acsabm.3c00723","article-title":"Biosynthesis of MgO Nanoparticles and Their Impact on the Properties of the PVA\/Gelatin Nanocomposites for Smart Food Packaging Applications","volume":"6","author":"Rabee","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Bio Mater."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2021.118391","article-title":"Electrospun pullulan\/PVA nanofibers integrated with thymol-loaded porphyrin metal\u2212organic framework for antibacterial food packaging","volume":"270","author":"Min","year":"2021","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymertesting.2021.107279","article-title":"Films based on mixtures of zein, chitosan, and PVA: Development with perspectives for food packaging application","volume":"101","author":"Bueno","year":"2021","journal-title":"Polym. Test."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147918","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.147918","article-title":"Development and characterization of capsaicin-enriched Dialdehyde starch-PVA films for antimicrobial food packaging","volume":"330","author":"Luo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.131464","article-title":"Effects of PVA and yerba mate extract on extruded films of carboxymethyl cassava starch\/PVA blends for antioxidant and mechanically resistant food packaging","volume":"268","author":"Vilcovsky","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6056","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arabjc.2020.05.005","article-title":"Silver nanoparticles blended PEG\/PVA nanocomposites synthesis and characterization for food packaging","volume":"13","author":"Subha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arab. J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15893","DOI":"10.1039\/D5RA01457C","article-title":"Cellulose nanocrystal-supported silver nanoparticles as an antibacterial additive for PVA and PLLA matrices in meat packaging","volume":"15","author":"Aouay","year":"2025","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133090","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.133090","article-title":"Sustainable production of cellulosic biopolymers for enhanced smart food packaging: An up-to-date review","volume":"273","author":"Nath","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.146135","article-title":"Recent advances in gelatin-cellulose composite films for food packaging applications","volume":"321","author":"Ding","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.125532","article-title":"Biodegradable and hemocompatible alginate\/okra hydrogel films with promising stability and biological attributes","volume":"245","author":"Saleem","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109938","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2024.109938","article-title":"Soy hull nanocellulose enhances the stretchability, transparency and ionic conductance of sodium alginate hydrogels and application in beef preservation","volume":"152","author":"Yu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Hydrocoll."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121903","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2024.121903","article-title":"Enhancing the properties of soy protein isolate and dialdehyde starch films for food packaging applications through tannic acid crosslinking","volume":"332","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymer.2025.128506","article-title":"Highly transparent, degradable, and robust bioplastic film for smart packaging","volume":"331","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Polymer"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.136505","article-title":"Enhancing refrigerated chicken breasts preservation: Novel composite hydrogels incorporated with antimicrobial peptides, bacterial cellulose, and polyvinyl alcohol","volume":"281","author":"Si","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133619","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.133619","article-title":"State-of-the-art progress on locust bean gum polysaccharide for sustainable food packaging and drug delivery applications: A review with prospectives","volume":"275","author":"Sana","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1007\/s10068-024-01711-z","article-title":"Enhanced oxygen barrier properties of sodium alginate coatings in humid environments: Ionic crosslinking of sodium alginate by calcium ions released from calcium hydrogen phosphate and calcium carbonate","volume":"34","author":"Song","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Sci. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2024.110266","article-title":"Stepwise reinforcement strategy for guar gum\/sodium alginate based films: Introduction of carboxylated cellulose nanofibers by different methods and further calcium ion crosslinking","volume":"156","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Hydrocoll."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.130302","article-title":"Gelatin-based multifunctional composite films integrated with dialdehyde carboxymethyl cellulose and coffee leaf extract for active food packaging","volume":"263","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12747","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.3c03109","article-title":"Self-Reinforced and Antibacterial Zn2+ @Vanillin\/Carboxymethyl Chitosan Film for Food Packaging","volume":"11","author":"Lin","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134610","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.134610","article-title":"Development, characterization and application of chitosan\/locust bean gum based multifunctional green food packaging containing Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm. bracts extract and Ti-carbon dots","volume":"278","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.127263","article-title":"Antibacterial polylactic acid fabricated via Pickering emulsion approach with polyethyleneimine and polydopamine modified cellulose nanocrystals as emulsion stabilizers","volume":"253","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5127","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.macromol.3c00668","article-title":"Tunable Thermal-Induced Degradation in Fully Bio-Based Copolyesters with Enhanced Mechanical and Water Barrier Properties","volume":"56","author":"Luan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fpsl.2025.101616","article-title":"Bio-templated nanocellulose\/ZnO hybrids reinforced PVA\/chitosan films with synergistic antibacterial activity for enhanced food preservation","volume":"52","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Packag. Shelf Life"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.185","article-title":"Improving the performance of edible food packaging films by using nanocellulose as an additive","volume":"166","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fpsl.2020.100464","article-title":"Cellulose nanofibrils versus cellulose nanocrystals: Comparison of performance in flexible multilayer films for packaging applications","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Packag. Shelf Life"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2022.05.049","article-title":"Composites of cellulose nanocrystals in combination with either cellulose nanofibril or carboxymethylcellulose as functional packaging films","volume":"211","author":"Valls","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2022.129553","article-title":"Konjac glucomannan\/Pullulan films incorporated with cellulose nanofibrils-stabilized tea tree essential oil Pickering emulsions","volume":"650","author":"Bu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. A"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130671","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2021.130671","article-title":"Effective strategies of sustained release and retention enhancement of essential oils in active food packaging films\/coatings","volume":"367","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2016.02.018","article-title":"Trends in antimicrobial food packaging systems: Emitting sachets and absorbent pads","volume":"83","author":"Otoni","year":"2016","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100615","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fpsl.2020.100615","article-title":"Starch-based films enriched with nanocellulose-stabilized Pickering emulsions containing different essential oils for possible applications in food packaging","volume":"27","author":"Souza","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Packag. Shelf Life"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2019.115108","article-title":"Electrospun essential oil-doped chitosan\/poly(\u03b5-caprolactone) hybrid nanofibrous mats for antimicrobial food biopackaging exploits","volume":"223","author":"Hosseini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100972","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fpsl.2022.100972","article-title":"Preparation and characterization of carvacrol essential oil-loaded halloysite nanotubes and their application in antibacterial packaging","volume":"34","author":"Zheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Packag. Shelf Life"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2024.142246","article-title":"Structurally robust chitosan-based active packaging film by Pickering emulsion containing tree essential oil for pork preservation","volume":"466","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.195","article-title":"Mahua oil-based polyurethane\/chitosan\/nano ZnO composite films for biodegradable food packaging applications","volume":"124","author":"K","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.131248","article-title":"Curcumin and silver nanoparticles loaded antibacterial multifunctional pectin\/gelatin films for food packaging applications","volume":"266","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105942","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2020.105942","article-title":"Multifunctional bionanocomposite films based on konjac glucomannan\/chitosan with nano-ZnO and mulberry anthocyanin extract for active food packaging","volume":"107","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Hydrocoll."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbio.2021.101251","article-title":"Natural antioxidants-based edible active food packaging: An overview of current advancements","volume":"43","author":"MRangaraj","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Biosci."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3673","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.12990","article-title":"Recent advances in biobased and biodegradable polymer nanocomposites, nanoparticles, and natural antioxidants for antibacterial and antioxidant food packaging applications","volume":"21","author":"Vieira","year":"2022","journal-title":"Compr. Rev. Food Sci. Food Saf."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1007\/s11947-021-02641-y","article-title":"Active Biodegradable Packaging for Foods Containing Baccharis dracunculifolia Leaf as Natural Antioxidant","volume":"14","author":"Zanela","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Bioprocess Technol."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140029","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.140029","article-title":"Influence of chitosan-capped quercetin nanoparticles on chitosan\/poly(vinyl) alcohol multifunctional films: A sustainable approach for bread preservation","volume":"299","author":"Gunaki","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114087","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2022.114087","article-title":"Effect of green coffee oil as a natural active emulsifying agent on the properties of corn starch-based films","volume":"170","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"LWT"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13027","DOI":"10.1111\/jfs.13027","article-title":"Preparation and characterization of chitosan\/halloysite nanotubes composite film with ethylene scavenging and gas resistance for active food packaging","volume":"43","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Food Saf."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, M., Ahmed, A., and Xu, L. (2023). Electrospun Nanofibers for Functional Food Packaging Application. Materials, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma16175937"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mariah, M.A.A., Vonnie, J.M., Erna, K.H., Nur\u2019Aqilah, N.M., Huda, N., Abdul Wahab, R., and Rovina, K. (2022). The Emergence and Impact of Ethylene Scavengers Techniques in Delaying the Ripening of Fruits and Vegetables. Membranes, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/membranes12020117"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2019.03.009","article-title":"Development of multifunctional food packaging films based on chitosan, TiO2 nanoparticles and anthocyanin-rich black plum peel extract","volume":"94","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Hydrocoll."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108097","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymertesting.2023.108097","article-title":"Recent development of protein-based biopolymers in food packaging applications: A review","volume":"124","author":"Bhaskar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Polym. Test."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2025.145309","article-title":"Recent advances in the development and application of anthocyanin-based intelligent active food packaging: A review","volume":"492","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abedi-Firoozjah, R., Yousefi, S., Heydari, M., Seyedfatehi, F., Jafarzadeh, S., Mohammadi, R., Rouhi, M., and Garavand, F. (2022). Application of Red Cabbage Anthocyanins as pH-Sensitive Pigments in Smart Food Packaging and Sensors. Polymers, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14081629"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2025.105495","article-title":"Anthocyanin-based indicator labels for intelligent food packaging: Mechanisms, multiscale regulation, and future perspectives for enhancing color-response performance","volume":"168","author":"Bao","year":"2026","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3075","DOI":"10.1007\/s12221-023-00283-9","article-title":"Batch Preparation and Characterization of Anthocyanin\/CS\/PEO Nanofiber Membranes for Food Packages","volume":"24","author":"Ahmed","year":"2023","journal-title":"Fibers Polym."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.2114","article-title":"Smart edible films based on mucilage of lallemantia iberica seed incorporated with curcumin for freshness monitoring","volume":"9","author":"Taghinia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.160","article-title":"Monitoring freshness of chicken breast by using natural halochromic curcumin loaded chitosan\/PEO nanofibers as an intelligent package","volume":"170","author":"Yildiz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131885","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2021.131885","article-title":"Curcumin and its uses in active and smart food packaging applications\u2014A comprehensive review","volume":"375","author":"Roy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fpsl.2024.101413","article-title":"Anti-ultraviolet, antioxidant and pH-responsive cellulose-based composite film incorporated with alizarin for intelligent packaging applications","volume":"46","author":"Xia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Packag. Shelf Life"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2019.105629","article-title":"pH-responsive chitosan-based film incorporated with alizarin for intelligent packaging applications","volume":"102","author":"Ezati","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Hydrocoll."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scp.2023.101349","article-title":"Smart packaging film prepared from subcritical water-modified oat starch and betalain of beetroot extract reinforced with cellulose nanofibrils","volume":"36","author":"Surendhiran","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sustain. Chem. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1900385","DOI":"10.1002\/ejlt.201900385","article-title":"Sesame Oil Oxidation Control by Active and Smart Packaging System Using Wheat Gluten\/Chlorophyll Film to Increase Shelf Life and Detecting Expiration Date","volume":"122","author":"Chavoshizadeh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fpsl.2024.101325","article-title":"Halochromic properties of carotenoid-based films for smart food packaging","volume":"44","author":"Mussagy","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Packag. Shelf Life"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meafoo.2024.100190","article-title":"Carotenoids based smart packaging: A comprehensive review","volume":"15","author":"N","year":"2024","journal-title":"Meas. Food"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roy, S., Deshmukh, R.K., Tripathi, S., Gaikwad, K.K., Das, S.S., and Sharma, D. (2023). Recent Advances in the Carotenoids Added to Food Packaging Films: A Review. Foods, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12214011"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heo, W., and Lim, S. (2024). A Review on Gas Indicators and Sensors for Smart Food Packaging. Foods, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods13193047"},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1007\/s13765-014-4180-3","article-title":"Carbon dioxide and oxygen gas sensors-possible application for monitoring quality, freshness, and safety of agricultural and food products with emphasis on importance of analytical signals and their transformation","volume":"57","author":"Meng","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Korean Soc. Appl. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103634","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fochx.2026.103634","article-title":"Intelligent packaging films based on anthocyanins: A review of structural properties, biodegradable polymers, application and prospects in food freshness monitoring","volume":"34","author":"Ma","year":"2026","journal-title":"Food Chem. X"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zampino, D.C., Clarizia, G., and Bernardo, P. (2023). Temperature Responsive Copolymers Films of Polyether and Bio-Based Polyamide Loaded with Imidazolium Ionic Liquids for Smart Packaging Applications. Polymers, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym15051147"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1007\/s11694-020-00730-8","article-title":"Applications of enzymatic time\u2013temperature indicator (TTI) devices in quality monitoring and shelf-life estimation of food products during storage","volume":"15","author":"Pandian","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Food Meas. Charact."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1007\/s10068-016-0124-5","article-title":"Guideline for proper usage of time temperature integrator (TTI) avoiding underestimation of food deterioration in terms of temperature dependency: A case with a microbial TTI and milk","volume":"25","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Food Sci. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2020.02.019","article-title":"Modelling, responses and applications of time-temperature indicators (TTIs) in monitoring fresh food quality","volume":"99","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_110","unstructured":"Avik, M., Santosh, K., Manjusri, M., and Amar, K.M. (2024). Time\u2013Temperature Indicators (TTIs) for Monitoring Food Quality. Smart Food Packaging Systems, VCH."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1007\/s43621-024-00371-7","article-title":"A comprehensive review to evaluate the synergy of intelligent food packaging with modern food technology and artificial intelligence field","volume":"5","author":"Abekoon","year":"2024","journal-title":"Discov. Sustain."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.139212","article-title":"Development of sodium alginate-pectin biodegradable active food packaging film containing cinnamic acid","volume":"336","author":"Tong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1780","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.094","article-title":"Preparation of bioactive functional poly(lactic acid)\/curcumin composite film for food packaging application","volume":"162","author":"Roy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70048","DOI":"10.1002\/pat.70048","article-title":"Investigation of the Physicochemical and Antibacterial Activities of Plant Extract of Juniperus communis L. With Poly(Butylene Adipate-Co-Terephthalate) Films for Food Packaging","volume":"35","author":"Venkatesan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Polym. Adv. Technol."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.126653","article-title":"Alginate based films integrated with nitrogen-functionalized carbon dots and layered clay for active food packaging applications","volume":"253","author":"Mao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.039","article-title":"Poly (lactic acid)-based pH responsive membrane combined with chitosan and alizarin for food packaging","volume":"214","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1528","DOI":"10.1002\/vnl.22137","article-title":"Fabrication of antibacterial food packaging from polyvinyl alcohol\/sodium caseinate composite films cross-linked with lactic acid","volume":"30","author":"Uzuner","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Vinyl. Addit. Technol."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chaudhary, N., Mishra, G., Yadav, T., Srivastava, N., Maurya, V.K., and Saxena, S.K. (2022). Fabrication and Evaluation of Basil Essential Oil-Loaded Halloysite Nanotubes in Chitosan Nanocomposite Film and Its Application in Food Packaging. Antibiotics, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11121820"},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100610","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fpsl.2020.100610","article-title":"Thermoplastic starch and poly(vinyl alcohol) blends centered barrier film for food packaging applications","volume":"27","author":"Ge","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Packag. Shelf Life"},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106054","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2020.106054","article-title":"Active bilayer films based on cassava starch incorporating ZnO nanorods and PVA electrospun mats containing rosemary extract","volume":"108","author":"Guz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Hydrocoll."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1111\/ijfs.14720","article-title":"Edible packaging from hydroxypropyl thermoplastic cassava starch, agar and maltodextrin blends produced by cast extrusion","volume":"56","author":"Wongphan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2024.139627","article-title":"Starch as a smart, cheap, and green gatekeeper for the controlled release of propyl gallate from antioxidant biodegradable packaging films","volume":"453","author":"Gao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142925","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.142925","article-title":"Multifunctional cassava starch bilayers with basil extract and eco-friendly synthesized silver nanoparticles for scalable and sustainable food packaging","volume":"309","author":"Iacovone","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, L., Duan, G., Zhang, G., Yang, H., He, S., and Jiang, S. (2020). Electrospun Functional Materials toward Food Packaging Applications: A Review. Nanomaterials, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/nano10010150"},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fpsl.2019.100426","article-title":"Electrospun \u03b2-carotene\u2013loaded SPI:PVA fiber mats produced by emulsion-electrospinning as bioactive coatings for food packaging","volume":"23","author":"Fabra","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Packag. Shelf Life"},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fpsl.2023.101234","article-title":"Electrospinning meets food packaging: A promising pathway towards novel opportunities in food preservation","volume":"41","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Packag. Shelf Life"},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2023.137236","article-title":"Electrospun plant protein-based nanofibers in food packaging","volume":"432","author":"Aghababaei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Silva, E.G.S., Cardoso, S., Bettencourt, A.F., and Ribeiro, I.A.C. (2022). Latest Trends in Sustainable Polymeric Food Packaging Films. Foods, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12010168"},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2022.05.003","article-title":"A 3D printing approach to intelligent food packaging","volume":"127","author":"Tracey","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fpsl.2024.101289","article-title":"3D printed curcumin-based composite film for monitoring fish freshness","volume":"43","author":"Tang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Packag. Shelf Life"},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60920","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.4c10304","article-title":"Smart and Sustainable 3D-Printed Nanocellulose-Based Sensors for Food Freshness Monitoring","volume":"16","author":"Popoola","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2025.101262","article-title":"3D-printed soy protein and microalga films: A sustainable approach with antioxidant functionality","volume":"12","author":"Barekat","year":"2026","journal-title":"Curr. Res. Food Sci."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2312465","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202312465","article-title":"Enzyme-Immobilized Surface-Catalyzed Cross-Linking: Creating Multifunctional Double Network Hydrogel Coatings on Diverse Substrates","volume":"34","author":"Ren","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112918","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sna.2021.112918","article-title":"Ultrafast response humidity sensors based on polyvinyl chloride\/graphene oxide nanocomposites for intelligent food packaging","volume":"331","author":"Moustafa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators A Phys."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9371","DOI":"10.1007\/s10570-020-03413-1","article-title":"In situ formed active and intelligent bacterial cellulose\/cotton fiber composite containing curcumin","volume":"27","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cellulose"},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2019.115370","article-title":"Development of bacterial cellulose\/chitin multi-nanofibers based smart films containing natural active microspheres and nanoparticles formed in situ","volume":"228","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123712","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.123712","article-title":"Superhydrophobic cellulose paper with sustained antibacterial activity prepared by in-situ growth of carvacrol-loaded zinc-based metal organic framework nanorods for food packaging application","volume":"234","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1038\/s41538-025-00521-9","article-title":"Progress, challenge and perspective of hydrogels application in food: A review","volume":"9","author":"Jiang","year":"2025","journal-title":"npj Sci. Food"},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gupta, R.K., Pipliya, S., Karunanithi, S., Eswaran U, G.M., Kumar, S., Mandliya, S., Srivastav, P.P., Suthar, T., Shaikh, A.M., and Hars\u00e1nyi, E. (2024). Migration of Chemical Compounds from Packaging Materials into Packaged Foods: Interaction, Mechanism, Assessment, and Regulations. Foods, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods13193125"},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104987","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2025.104987","article-title":"Review of potential areas for global harmonization of risk assessment protocols for Food Contact Materials (FCMs)","volume":"159","author":"Nerin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2025.144544","article-title":"Migration of chemical substances from packaging materials to food","volume":"485","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116880","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2025.116880","article-title":"Identification and quantification of intentionally and non-intentionally added substances occurring from biodegradable food packaging: A review","volume":"218","author":"Spinei","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2025.111490","article-title":"A review on migration behavior and safety regulation of inorganic nanoparticles in food packaging: Multi-scale mechanisms, risk assessment, and innovative strategies","volume":"178","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"ref_144","first-page":"e06768","article-title":"Guidance on risk assessment of nanomaterials to be applied in the food and feed chain: Human and animal health","volume":"19","author":"More","year":"2021","journal-title":"EFSA J."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2025.111707","article-title":"Nanomaterials in food packaging: An overview of regulatory frameworks and migration assessment","volume":"181","author":"Ansari","year":"2026","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.afres.2025.101368","article-title":"Valorization of plant-based agro-waste into sustainable food packaging materials: Current approaches and functional applications","volume":"5","author":"Ahmed","year":"2025","journal-title":"Appl. Food Res."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.159101","article-title":"Do biodegradable food packaging films from agro-food waste pay off? A cost-benefit analysis in the context of Europe","volume":"856","author":"Tassinari","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2016.12.147","article-title":"Environmental and energy analysis of biopolymer film based on cassava starch in Brazil","volume":"143","author":"Nogueira","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1750","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.3c06094","article-title":"A Review of the Current and Future Prospects for Producing Bioplastic Films Made from Starch and Chitosan","volume":"12","author":"Nguyen","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng."}],"container-title":["Gels"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2310-2861\/12\/9\/847\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T16:37:08Z","timestamp":1789576628000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2310-2861\/12\/9\/847"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"references-count":149,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["gels12090847"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/gels12090847","relation":{},"ISSN":["2310-2861"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2310-2861","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]}}}