{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T22:57:34Z","timestamp":1788217054099,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":148,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,30]],"date-time":"2020-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609286400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gels"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Since its first clinical application, methotrexate (MTX) has been widely used for the treatment of human diseases. Despite great advantages, some properties such as poor absorption, short plasma half-life and unpredictable bioavailability have led researchers to seek novel delivery systems to improve its characteristics for parenteral and oral administration. Recently, great attention has been directed to hydrogels for the preparation of MTX formulations. This review describes the potential of hydrogels for the formulation of MTX to treat cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and central nervous system diseases. We will delineate the state-of-the-art and promising potential of hydrogels for systemic MTX delivery as well as transdermal delivery of the drug-using hydrogel-based formulations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/gels7010002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,30]],"date-time":"2020-12-30T20:13:41Z","timestamp":1609359221000},"page":"2","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["New Horizons in Hydrogels for Methotrexate Delivery"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4458-1292","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Dehshahri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7146864685, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6434-875X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anuj","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9883-190X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vijay Sagar","family":"Madamsetty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilona","family":"Uzieliene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Santariskiu 5, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8531-7650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shima","family":"Tavakol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614525, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9776-7686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fereshteh","family":"Azedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614525, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hojjat Samareh","family":"Fekri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7619813159, Iran"},{"name":"Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7616911319, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0391-1769","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Zarrabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reza","family":"Mohammadinejad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7618866749, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0790-2264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vijay Kumar","family":"Thakur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland\u2019s Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V4.2.160.160","article-title":"Some observations on the effect of folic acid antagonists on acute leukemia and other forms of incurable cancer","volume":"4","author":"Farber","year":"1949","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.12862","article-title":"Landmark papers on the discovery of methotrexate for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other systemic inflammatory rheumatic diseases: A fascinating story","volume":"19","author":"Malaviya","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. 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