{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:28:09Z","timestamp":1787167689640,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,22]],"date-time":"2021-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637539200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81771964 and 82072051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81771964 and 82072051"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gels"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hydrogel-based local delivery systems provide a good delivery platform for cancer immunotherapy. Injectable hydrogels can directly deliver antitumor drugs to the tumor site to reduce systemic toxicity and achieve low-dose amplification immunotherapy. Therefore, it may overcome the problems of low drug utilization rate and the systemic side effects in cancer immunotherapy through systemic immune drugs, and it provides simple operation and little invasion at the same time. This study aimed to review the research progress of injectable hydrogels in tumor immunotherapy in recent years. Moreover, the local delivery of multiple drugs using injectable hydrogels in tumors is introduced to achieve single immunotherapy, combined chemo-immunotherapy, combined radio-immunotherapy, and photo-immunotherapy. Finally, the application of hydrogels in tumor immunotherapy is summarized, and the challenges and prospects for injectable hydrogels in tumor immunotherapy are proposed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/gels7040224","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T03:12:56Z","timestamp":1638328376000},"page":"224","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Locally Injectable Hydrogels for Tumor Immunotherapy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Xinyi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaonan","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hemangioma and Vascular Malformation, People\u2019s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China"},{"name":"Department of Hemangioma and Vascular Malformation, Henan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomaterial, College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21590","article-title":"Cancer statistics, 2020","volume":"70","author":"Siegel","year":"2020","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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