{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T21:38:41Z","timestamp":1788298721452,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,10]],"date-time":"2022-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644451200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gels"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: When the body is exposed to microwave radiation, the brain is more susceptible to damage than other organs. However, few effective drugs are available for the treatment of microwave-induced brain injury (MIBI) because most drugs are difficult to cross the blood\u2013brain barrier (BBB) to reach the brain. (2) Methods: Nasal cinnarizine inclusion complexes with thermo-and ion-sensitive hydrogels (cinnarizine ISGs) were prepared to treat MIBI and the characteristics of the inclusion complexes and their thermo-and ion-sensitive hydrogels were evaluated. (3) Results: Due to high viscosity, cinnarizine ISGs can achieve long-term retention in the nasal cavity to achieve a sustained release effect. Compared with the model, the intranasal thermo-and ion-sensitive cinnarizine ISGs significantly improved the microwave-induced spatial memory and spontaneous exploration behavior with Morris water maze and open field tests. Cinnarizine ISGs inhibited the expression of calcineurin and calpain 1 in the brain, which may be related to the inhibition of calcium overload by cinnarizine. (4) Conclusion: Intranasal thermo- and ion-sensitive cinnarizine ISGs are a promising brain-targeted pharmaceutical preparation against MIBI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/gels8020108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,11]],"date-time":"2022-02-11T02:37:46Z","timestamp":1644547066000},"page":"108","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Nasal Delivery of Cinnarizine Thermo- and Ion-Sensitive In Situ Hydrogels for Treatment of Microwave-Induced Brain Injury"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinglu","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China"},{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunqing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Delian","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingwei","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8103-5974","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lina","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China"},{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiguang","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China"},{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2012.663176","article-title":"Autophagy in hypoxia-ischemia induced brain injury","volume":"25","author":"Balduini","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. 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