{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T19:33:54Z","timestamp":1781292834594,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,19]],"date-time":"2022-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650326400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Taif University Researchers Supporting Project number (TURSP-2020\/50), Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia","award":["TURSP-2020\/50"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TURSP-2020\/50"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gels"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vitamin D deficiency distresses nearly 50% of the population globally and multiple studies have highlighted the association of Vitamin D with a number of clinical manifestations, including musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and neurological disorders. In the current study, vitamin D oil-in-water (O\/W) nanoemulsions were developed and incorporated in edible gummies to enhance bioavailability, stability, and patient compliance. The spontaneous emulsification method was employed to produce a nano-emulsion using corn oil with tween 20 and lecithin as emulsifiers. Optimization was carried out using pseudo-ternary phase diagrams and the average particle size and polydispersity index (PDI) of the optimized nanoemulsion were found to be 118.6 \u00b1 4.3 nm and 0.11 \u00b1 0.30, respectively. HPLC stability analysis demonstrated that the nano-emulsion prevented the degradation and it retained more than 97% of active vitamin D over 15 days compared to 94.5% in oil solution. Similar results were obtained over further storage analysis. Vitamin D gummies based on emulsion-based gelled matrices were then developed using gelatin as hydrocolloid and varying quantities of corn oil. Texture analysis revealed that gummies formulated with 10% corn oil had the optimum hardness of 3095.6 \u00b1 201.7 g on the first day which remained consistent on day 45 with similar values of 3594.4 \u00b1 210.6 g. Sensory evaluation by 19 judges using the nine-point hedonic scale highlighted that the taste and overall acceptance of formulated gummies did not change significantly (p &gt; 0.05) over 45 days storage. This study suggested that nanoemulsions consistently prevent the environmental degradation of vitamin D, already known to offer protection in GI by providing sustained intestinal release and enhancing overall bioavailability. Soft chewable matrices were easy to chew and swallow, and they provided greater patient compliance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/gels8050250","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,19]],"date-time":"2022-04-19T22:07:26Z","timestamp":1650406046000},"page":"250","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Nano Matrix Soft Confectionary for Oral Supplementation of Vitamin D: Stability and Sensory Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4543-3657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Zubair","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anshul","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi 110017, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9071-8889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Musarrat Husain","family":"Warsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4370-007X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed M. Abdelhaleem","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0785-1735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nazeer","family":"Hasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farhan J.","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0181-0278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ameeduzzafar","family":"Zafar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaurav K.","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi 110017, India"},{"name":"Center for Advanced Formulation Technology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi 110017, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1576","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.118.311585","article-title":"Steroid hormone vitamin D: Implications for cardiovascular disease","volume":"122","author":"Demer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circ. 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