{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T17:56:32Z","timestamp":1792432592682,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,23]],"date-time":"2022-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658534400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gels"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) is a water-soluble synthetic polymer that exhibits bioadhesive properties and has been applied in various novel medical devices, such as drug-delivery carriers and hemostatic agents. PAA forms a water-insoluble complex when mixed with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). If PAA and PVP are mixed in water, they form an aggregated precipitate, which neither swells nor adheres to tissues. The formation of the hydrophobic complex was caused by hydrophobic interactions between the main chains of both polymers aligned the same as a zipper. To hinder the zipper-like alignment of the polymer main chains, hyaluronic acid (HA), a macromolecular viscous polysaccharide, was added to the PVP solution prior to complex formation. When the initial concentration of PAA was lower than 0.05%, HA effectively prevented the aggregation of PAA\/PVP complexes and resulted in a slightly clouded suspension. Freeze-drying of the mixture yielded a soft white sponge, which could immediately swell in water to form a highly bioadhesive hydrogel. The PAA\/PVP complex prepared with HA exhibited high hemostatic efficiency in clinical studies, even in patients on antithrombotic drugs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/gels8080462","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,24]],"date-time":"2022-07-24T22:49:02Z","timestamp":1658702942000},"page":"462","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Preparation of a Bioadhesive Poly(Acrylic Acid)\/Polyvinylpyrrolidone Complex Gel and Its Clinical Effect on Dental Hemostasis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6290-1961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomoko","family":"Ito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Obara Hospital Research Institute, 3-28-16, Honcho, Nakano-ku, Tokyo 164-0012, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1, Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shingo","family":"Yamaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japan Anti-tuberculosis Association, Shin-Yamanote Hospital, 3-6-1, Suwa-cho, Higashimurayama, Tokyo 189-0021, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daisuke","family":"Soga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japan Anti-tuberculosis Association, Shin-Yamanote Hospital, 3-6-1, Suwa-cho, Higashimurayama, Tokyo 189-0021, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2847-0341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takayuki","family":"Yoshimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1, Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshiyuki","family":"Koyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obara Hospital Research Institute, 3-28-16, Honcho, Nakano-ku, Tokyo 164-0012, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1, Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1016\/0142-9612(95)00307-X","article-title":"Hydrogels as Mucoadhesive and Bioadhesive Materials: A Review","volume":"17","author":"Peppas","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1081\/PDT-120018490","article-title":"Buccal Delivery of Acyclovir from Films Based on Chitosan and Polyacrylic Acid","volume":"8","author":"Rossi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pharm. 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