{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T05:23:00Z","timestamp":1780377780837,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]],"date-time":"2022-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658880000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Deputyship for Research &amp; Innovation, Ministry of Education in Saudi Arabia","award":["IF-PSAU-2021\/03\/18586"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IF-PSAU-2021\/03\/18586"]}]},{"name":"IF-PSAU","award":["IF-PSAU-2021\/03\/18586"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IF-PSAU-2021\/03\/18586"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gels"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Candida spp. is one of the most causative pathogens responsible for fungal infections. It is often a hospital-acquired form of sepsis with a very high number of deaths. Currently, the most effective anti-fungal agents are based on polyenes or echinocandins. However, long-term treatments or repeated use of these anti-fungals lead to therapy limitations. Current research is urgently needed to overcome existing challenges for antimicrobials from natural sources. This study aims to determine the anti-fungal activity of rutin, which has the advantage of increasing the therapeutic value. Because of its low solubility in water and oils, rutin is limited in use. To address these constraints, we encapsulated rutin in a nanocarrier system. Silver nanoparticles (SNPs) and gum acacia (GAs) are emerging as attractive components and are widely studied as biologically safe nanomaterials\/carrier systems for various drugs. Still, they are barely investigated as nano-sized vectors for the targeted delivery of rutin. In the present work, GA stabilised SNPs of rutin were successfully formulated and evaluated. It was later incorporated into carbapol 940 gels and formed SNP gels. Rutin-SNPs were developed with a consistent size in the nano range of 59.67 \u00b1 44.24 nm in size, 0.295 \u00b1 0.014 polydispersity index (PDI), and \u221211.2 \u00b1 6.66 mV zeta potential. The drug released was found to be 81. 26 \u00b1 4.06% in 600 min by following zero-order kinetics. The rutin-SNP gel showed considerable activity against C. albicans skin candidiasis at MIC 1.56 g\/mL. The developed formulation was biocompatible. This first-ever interdisciplinary study suggests that the rutin-SNPs gel could play a vital role in drug resistance in this fungal pathogen.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/gels8080472","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]],"date-time":"2022-07-27T21:11:05Z","timestamp":1658956265000},"page":"472","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Development of Gum-Acacia-Stabilized Silver Nanoparticles Gel of Rutin against Candida albicans"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Mohammed H.","family":"Alqarni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed I.","family":"Foudah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6733-8311","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aftab","family":"Alam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5244-2308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad A.","family":"Salkini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdy M.","family":"Muharram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, College of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1925-9867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikolaos E.","family":"Labrou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Street, GR-11855 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piyush","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, NH-44, PO Nagrota, Jagti, Jammu 181221, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e970","DOI":"10.1002\/mbo3.970","article-title":"The adaptive response to iron involves changes in energetic strategies in the pathogen Candida albicans","volume":"9","author":"Duval","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microbiologyopen"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105992","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2020.105992","article-title":"Effect of initial anti-fungal therapy on mortality among patients with bloodstream infections with different Candida species and resistance to anti-fungal agents: A multicentre observational study by the Turkish Fungal Infections Study Group","volume":"56","author":"Kapmaz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. 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