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In this paper, a polyamide wax (TQ-1) was synthesized from dimeric acid and 1,6-hexanediamine to improve the weak gel structure of OBDFs. The TQ-1 was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Then the effect of the TQ-1 on the stability of the water-in-oil emulsion was studied by sedimentation observation, stability analysis, an electrical stability test, and particle size measurement. The effect of the TQ-1 on the rheological properties of the water-in-oil emulsion was analyzed by viscosity vs. shear rate test and the three-interval thixotropic test. Finally, the performance of the TQ-1 in OBDFs was comprehensively evaluated. The experimental results showed that the initial thermal decomposition temperature of the TQ-1 was 195 \u00b0C, indicating that the TQ-1 had good thermal stability. After adding the TQ-1, the emulsion became more stable since the emulsion stability index (TSI) value decreased when the emulsions were placed for a period of time and the demulsification voltage was increased. The TQ-1 could form a weak gel structure in the water-in-oil emulsions, which made the emulsions show excellent shear thinning and thixotropy. TQ-1 can improve the demulsification voltage of OBDFs, greatly improve the yield point and gel strength, and largely reduce the sedimentation factor (SF). In addition, TQ-1 has good compatibility with OBDFs, and in our study the high-temperature and high-pressure (HTHP) filtration decreased slightly after adding the TQ-1. According to theoretical analysis, the mechanism of TQ-1 of improving the weak gel structure of OBDFs is that the polar amide group can form a spatial network structure in nonpolar solvents through hydrogen bonding.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/gels8100631","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,8]],"date-time":"2022-10-08T04:04:56Z","timestamp":1665201896000},"page":"631","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Improving the Weak Gel Structure of an Oil-Based Drilling Fluid by Using a Polyamide Wax"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3821-7777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xianbin","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Unconventional Oil & Gas Development, China University of Petroleum, East China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266580, China"},{"name":"School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum, East China, Qingdao 266580, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Unconventional Oil & Gas Development, China University of Petroleum, East China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266580, China"},{"name":"School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum, East China, Qingdao 266580, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Unconventional Oil & Gas Development, China University of Petroleum, East China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266580, China"},{"name":"School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum, East China, Qingdao 266580, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinsheng","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Unconventional Oil & Gas Development, China University of Petroleum, East China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266580, China"},{"name":"School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum, East China, Qingdao 266580, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaihe","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Unconventional Oil & Gas Development, China University of Petroleum, East China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266580, China"},{"name":"School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum, East China, Qingdao 266580, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chongyang","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Unconventional Oil & Gas Development, China University of Petroleum, East China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266580, China"},{"name":"School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum, East China, Qingdao 266580, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/S1876-3804(13)60055-5","article-title":"Trend and Progress in Global Oil and Gas Exploration","volume":"40","author":"Wenrui","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pet. 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