{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:48:07Z","timestamp":1788223687208,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Ideas to Innovation Grant","award":["556274"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["556274"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gels"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The endovascular treatment of cerebral aneurysms has become widespread but may still be limited by recurrence rates or complications. The discovery of novel embolic strategies may help mitigate these concerns. Methods: We formulated a Photosensitive Hydrogel Polymer (PHP) embolic agent which is low-viscosity, shear-thinning, and radio-opaque. After the filling of an aneurysm with PHP with balloon assistance, we utilized photopolymerization to induce solidification. Different methods of light delivery for photopolymerization were assessed in silicone models of aneurysms and in four acute animal trials with venous anastomosis aneurysms in pigs. Then, balloon-assisted embolization with PHP and photopolymerization was performed in three aneurysms in pigs with a one-month follow-up. Filling volume, recurrence rates, and complications were recorded. Results: The PHP was found to be suitable for the intravascular delivery and treatment of cerebral aneurysms. It was found that light delivery through the balloon catheter, as opposed to light delivery through the injection microcatheter, led to higher rates of filling in the 3D model and acute animal model for cerebral aneurysms. Using the balloon-assisted embolization and light delivery strategy, three wide-necked aneurysms were treated without complication. One-month follow-up showed no recurrence or neck remnants. Conclusions: We demonstrated a novel method of balloon-assisted photosensitive hydrogel polymer embolization and photopolymerization, leading to complete aneurysm filling with no recurrence at 1 month in three wide-necked aneurysms in pigs. This promising methodology will be investigated further with longer-term comparative animal trials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/gels8120788","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T03:32:25Z","timestamp":1669865545000},"page":"788","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Photosensitive Hydrogel-Based Embolic Agent Treatment of Wide-Necked Aneurysms: Preliminary Animal Results"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Jerry C.","family":"Ku","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6040-2197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuta","family":"Dobashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher R.","family":"Pasarikovski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel","family":"Ramjist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clement","family":"Hamani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chinthaka","family":"Heyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada"},{"name":"Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1W7, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3639-6858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konrad","family":"Walus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor X. D.","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada"},{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30668-7","article-title":"Spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage","volume":"389","author":"Macdonald","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60975-2","article-title":"The durability of endovascular coiling versus neurosurgical clipping of ruptured cerebral aneurysms: 18 year follow-up of the UK cohort of the International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial (ISAT)","volume":"385","author":"Molyneux","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1177\/0003319717700503","article-title":"Current Treatment Strategies for Intracranial Aneurysms: An Overview","volume":"69","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Angiology"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000073841.88563.E9","article-title":"Long-term angiographic recurrences after selective endovascular treatment of aneurysms with detachable coils","volume":"34","author":"Raymond","year":"2003","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1007\/s007010170073","article-title":"Endovascular Occlusion of Intracranial Aneurysms with Guglielmi Detachable Coils: Correlation Between Coil Packing Density and Coil Compaction","volume":"143","author":"Kawanabe","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2313030460","article-title":"Relation between aneurysm volume, packing, and compaction in 145 cerebral aneurysms treated with coils","volume":"231","author":"Sluzewski","year":"2004","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"762","article-title":"Evaluation of the stability of aneurysms after embolization using detachable coils: Correlation between stability of aneurysms and embolized volume of aneurysms","volume":"23","author":"Tamatani","year":"2002","journal-title":"AJNR Am. 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