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In this study, composite hydrogels based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), gelatin (GEL), oxidized sodium alginate (OSA), graphene oxide (GO), and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) were successfully prepared. The hydrogen and imine bonding of the composite hydrogels gives them excellent self-healing properties. Their self-healing properties restore 68% of their breaking strength and over 95% of their electrical conductivity. The addition of GO and SWNTs enables the PGO-GS hydrogels to achieve a compressive modulus and conductivity of 42.2 kPa and 29.6 mS\/m, which is 8.2 times and 1.5 times that of pure PGO, respectively. Furthermore, the PGO-GS hydrogels can produce profound feedback signals in response to deformation caused by external forces and human movements such as finger flexion and speech. In addition, the PGO-GS hydrogels exhibit superior biocompatibility compared to PGO. All of these results indicate that the PGO-GS hydrogels have great potential with respect to future applications in the field of electronic skin.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/gels9020155","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]],"date-time":"2023-02-15T03:09:21Z","timestamp":1676430561000},"page":"155","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Enhancing Conductivity and Self-Healing Properties of PVA\/GEL\/OSA Composite Hydrogels by GO\/SWNTs for Electronic Skin"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Xiaohu","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Indurstry and Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China"},{"name":"Bio-Additive Manufacturing University-Enterprise Joint Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haonan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Indurstry and Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China"},{"name":"Bio-Additive Manufacturing University-Enterprise Joint Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiashu","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Indurstry and Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China"},{"name":"Bio-Additive Manufacturing University-Enterprise Joint Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Indurstry and Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China"},{"name":"Bio-Additive Manufacturing University-Enterprise Joint Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingyang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Indurstry and Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China"},{"name":"Bio-Additive Manufacturing University-Enterprise Joint Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Indurstry and Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China"},{"name":"Bio-Additive Manufacturing University-Enterprise Joint Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changgeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Indurstry and Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China"},{"name":"Bio-Additive Manufacturing University-Enterprise Joint Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhisheng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Indurstry and Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China"},{"name":"Bio-Additive Manufacturing University-Enterprise Joint Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinghua","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Indurstry and Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China"},{"name":"Bio-Additive Manufacturing University-Enterprise Joint Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1039\/B505793K","article-title":"Biochemistry of human skin\u2014Our brain on the outside","volume":"35","author":"Tobin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chem. 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