{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T12:49:52Z","timestamp":1793191792737,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,10]],"date-time":"2023-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678406400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"the National Key Research and Development Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016YFC0105406"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFC0105406"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"the National Key Research and Development Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61571262"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61571262"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"the National Key Research and Development Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11575095"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11575095"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"the National Key Research and Development Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61171115"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61171115"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2016YFC0105406"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFC0105406"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["61571262"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61571262"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["11575095"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11575095"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["61171115"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61171115"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gels"],"abstract":"<jats:p>With the complexity and high demands on quality assurance (QA) of photon beam radiation therapy, end-to-end (E2E) QA is necessary to validate the entire treatment workflow from pre-treatment imaging to beam delivery. A polymer gel dosimeter is a promising tool for three-dimensional (3D) dose distribution measurement. The purpose of this study is to design a fast \u201cone delivery\u201d polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) phantom with a polymer gel dosimeter for the E2E QA test of the photon beam. The one delivery phantom is composed of ten calibration cuvettes for the calibration curve measurement, two 10 cm gel dosimeter inserts for the dose distribution measurement, and three 5.5 cm gel dosimeters for the square field measurement. The one delivery phantom holder is comparable in size and shape to that of a human thorax and abdomen. In addition, an anthropomorphic head phantom was employed to measure the patient-specific dose distribution of a VMAT plan. The E2E dosimetry was verified by undertaking the whole RT procedure (immobilization, CT simulation, treatment planning, phantom set-up, imaged-guided registration, and beam delivery). The calibration curve, field size, and patient-specific dose were measured with a polymer gel dosimeter. The positioning error can be mitigated with the one-delivery PMMA phantom holder. The delivered dose measured with a polymer gel dosimeter was compared with the planned dose. The gamma passing rate is 86.64% with the MAGAT-f gel dosimeter. The results ascertain the feasibility of the one delivery phantom with a polymer gel dosimeter for a photon beam in E2E QA. The QA time can be reduced with the designed one delivery phantom.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/gels9030212","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,13]],"date-time":"2023-03-13T03:03:57Z","timestamp":1678676637000},"page":"212","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["End-to-End QA with Polymer Gel Dosimeter for Photon Beam Radiation Therapy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Libing","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education\/Beijing), Department of Radiotherapy, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2520-1170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yahui","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xincheng","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"012022","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/2167\/1\/012022","article-title":"End-to-End Quality Assurance of Stereotactic Radiation Therapy Using an Anthropomorphic Head Phantom","volume":"2167","author":"Alexander","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. 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