{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T20:18:58Z","timestamp":1777061938835,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,19]],"date-time":"2023-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gels"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The current study describes a suppository base composed of aqueous gelatin solution emulsifying oil globules with probiotic cells dispersed within. The favorable mechanical properties of gelatin to provide a solid gelled structure, and the tendency of its proteins to unravel into long strings that interlace when cooled, lead to a three-dimensional structure that can trap a lot of liquid, which was exploited herein to result in a promising suppository form. The latter maintained incorporated probiotic spores of Bacillus coagulans Unique IS-2 in a viable but non-germinating form, preventing spoilage during storage and imparting protection against the growth of any other contaminating organism (self-preserved formulation). The gelatin\u2013oil\u2013probiotic suppository showed uniformity in weight and probiotic content (23 \u00b1 2.481 \u00d7 108 cfu) with favorable swelling (double) followed by erosion and complete dissolution within 6 h of administration, leading to the release of probiotic (within 45 min) from the matrix into simulated vaginal fluid. Microscopic images indicated presence of probiotics and oil globules enmeshed in the gelatin network. High viability (24.3 \u00b1 0.46 \u00d7 108), germination upon application and a self-preserving nature were attributed to the optimum water activity (0.593 aw) of the developed composition. The retention of suppositories, germination of probiotics and their in vivo efficacy and safety in vulvovaginal candidiasis murine model are also reported.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/gels9030244","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,20]],"date-time":"2023-03-20T03:09:37Z","timestamp":1679281777000},"page":"244","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Preclinical Potential of Probiotic-Loaded Novel Gelatin\u2013Oil Vaginal Suppositories: Efficacy, Stability, and Safety Studies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Anchal","family":"Bassi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Garima","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Parneet Kaur","family":"Deol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"G.H.G. Khalsa College of Pharmacy, Gurusar Sadhar, Ludhiana 141104, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1819-722X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ratna Sudha","family":"Madempudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unique Biotech Limited, Hyderabad 500078, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1237-2974","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Indu Pal","family":"Kaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"8695","article-title":"Comparison of micro-vs. nanostructured colloidal gelatin gels for sustained delivery of osteogenic proteins: Bone morphogenetic protein-2 and alkaline phosphatase","volume":"33","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bio-Materials"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1163\/092050611X555830","article-title":"Gelatin-based emulsion gels for diffusion-controlled release applications","volume":"23","author":"Thakur","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. 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