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China","award":["No. 232102321121"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 232102321121"]}]},{"name":"innovative training program for college students in Henan Province of China","award":["No. 222102310356"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 222102310356"]}]},{"name":"innovative training program for college students in Henan Province of China","award":["202310482004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202310482004"]}]},{"name":"innovative training program for college students in Henan Province of China","award":["202310482008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202310482008"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gels"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Curcumin (Cur) is a kind of polyphenol with a variety of topical pharmacological properties including antioxidant, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. However, its low water solubility and poor skin bioavailability limit its effectiveness. In the current study, we aimed to develop microemulsion-based keratin\u2013chitosan gel for the improvement of the topical activity of Cur. The curcumin-loaded microemulsion (CME) was formulated and then loaded into the keratin\u2013chitosan (KCS) gel to form the CME-KCS gel. The formulated CME-KCS gel was evaluated for its characterization, in vitro release, in vitro skin permeation and in vivo activity. The results showed that the developed CME-KCS gel had an orange-yellow and gel-like appearance. The particle size and zeta potential of the CME-KCS gel were 186.45 \u00b1 0.75 nm and 9.42 \u00b1 0.86 mV, respectively. The CME-KCS gel showed desirable viscoelasticity, spreadability, bioadhesion and controlled drug release, which was suitable for topical application. The in vitro skin permeation and retention study showed that the CME-KCS gel had better in vitro skin penetration than the Cur solution and achieved maximum skin drug retention (3.75 \u00b1 0.24 \u03bcg\/cm2). In vivo experimental results confirmed that the CME-KCS gel was more effective than curcumin-loaded microemulsion (Cur-ME) in analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. In addition, the CME-KCS gel did not cause any erythema or edema based on a mice skin irritation test. These findings indicated that the developed CME-KCS gel could improve the skin penetration and retention of Cur and could become a promising formulation for topical delivery to treat local diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/gels9070587","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,24]],"date-time":"2023-07-24T01:15:45Z","timestamp":1690161345000},"page":"587","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Microemulsion-Based Keratin\u2013Chitosan Gel for Improvement of Skin Permeation\/Retention and Activity of Curcumin"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Jiangxiu","family":"Niu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panpan","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liye","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yueheng","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingjing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaiyue","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanli","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianming","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Basto, R., Andrade, R., Nunes, C., Lima, S.A.C., and Reis, S. 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