{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T18:59:02Z","timestamp":1789585142356,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]],"date-time":"2023-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695945600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute of Health","award":["R41AI131792\u201301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R41AI131792\u201301"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Health","award":["2R42AI131792-02A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2R42AI131792-02A1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gels"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fungal infections are caused by opportunistic pathogens that can be life threatening or debilitating. Candida spp. are becoming increasingly resistant to current clinically approved antifungal therapeutics. Candida infections afflict not only immunosuppressed but also immunocompetent individuals. Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC) is a disease that afflicts 5\u20139% of women. Occidiofungin is a novel cyclic peptide that has a broad spectrum of antifungal activity with a novel fungicidal mechanism of action. A gel formulation containing occidiofungin (OCF001) is being developed for use to treat vulvovaginal candidiasis. The formulated gel for intravaginal application used hydroxyethyl cellulose as the primary gelling agent and hydroxypropyl \u03b2-cyclodextrin as a solubilizing agent for occidiofungin. Franz cells and LC-MS\/MS were used to determine the rate of drug substance diffusion in the gel formulation. The formulation was tested in an ex vivo mouse skin efficacy study, and the safety was tested following repeat intravaginal administration in rabbits. In this study, the gel formulation was shown to reduce the drug substance rate of diffusion across a skin memetic membrane. The study showed that the formulation extends exposure time to inhibitory concentrations of occidiofungin over a 24-h period and supports a single daily application for the treatment of RVVC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/gels9100787","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]],"date-time":"2023-09-29T07:42:08Z","timestamp":1695973328000},"page":"787","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Intravaginal Gel for Sustained Delivery of Occidiofungin and Long-Lasting Antifungal Effects"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Andrew","family":"Cothrell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antimicrobial Division, Sano Chemicals Inc., Bryan, TX 77803, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachele","family":"Bonasera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antimicrobial Division, Sano Chemicals Inc., Bryan, TX 77803, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abraham","family":"Tenorio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antimicrobial Division, Sano Chemicals Inc., Bryan, TX 77803, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravi","family":"Orugunty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antimicrobial Division, Sano Chemicals Inc., Bryan, TX 77803, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leif","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA"},{"name":"Antimicrobial Division, Sano Chemicals Inc., Bryan, TX 77803, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2017.08.010","article-title":"Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis","volume":"27","author":"Blostein","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. 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