{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T16:50:34Z","timestamp":1776358234498,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]],"date-time":"2023-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"MUR\u2014Italian Ministry of University and Research (Italy)","award":["2022TSLMHR"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022TSLMHR"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gels"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Multicomponent hydrogels (HGs) based on ultrashort aromatic peptides have been exploited as biocompatible matrices for tissue engineering applications, the delivery of therapeutic and diagnostic agents, and the development of biosensors. Due to its capability to gel under physiological conditions of pH and ionic strength, the low molecular-weight Fmoc-FF (N\u03b1-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl-diphenylalanine) homodimer is one of the most studied hydrogelators. The introduction into the Fmoc-FF hydrogel of additional molecules like protein, organic compounds, or other peptide sequences often allows the generation of novel hydrogels with improved mechanical and functional properties. In this perspective, here we studied a library of novel multicomponent Fmoc-FF based hydrogels doped with different amounts of the tripeptide Fmoc-FFX (in which X= Cys, Ser, or Thr). The insertion of these tripeptides allows to obtain hydrogels functionalized with thiol or alcohol groups that can be used for their chemical post-derivatization with bioactive molecules of interest like diagnostic or biosensing agents. These novel multicomponent hydrogels share a similar peptide organization in their supramolecular matrix. The hydrogels\u2019 biocompatibility, and their propensity to support adhesion, proliferation, and even cell differentiation, assessed in vitro on fibroblast cell lines, allows us to conclude that the hybrid hydrogels are not toxic and can potentially act as a scaffold and support for cell culture growth.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/gels9110903","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,16]],"date-time":"2023-11-16T08:19:43Z","timestamp":1700122783000},"page":"903","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Multicomponent Peptide-Based Hydrogels Containing Chemical Functional Groups as Innovative Platforms for Biotechnological Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Sabrina","family":"Giordano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6132-4143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrico","family":"Gallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS SYNLAB SDN, Via Gianturco 113, 80143 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9273-0136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlo","family":"Diaferia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Carrese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS SYNLAB SDN, Via Gianturco 113, 80143 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0216-9814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Borbone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pasqualina Liana","family":"Scognamiglio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell\u2019Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6490-7694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monica","family":"Franzese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS SYNLAB SDN, Via Gianturco 113, 80143 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0765-2127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giorgia","family":"Oliviero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7899-2359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonella","family":"Accardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.118","article-title":"Polysaccharide-based nanofibers for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications: A review","volume":"218","author":"Priya","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. 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