{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T05:00:34Z","timestamp":1788930034123,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,28]],"date-time":"2019-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"EuroTransBio","award":["110012 ETB"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["110012 ETB"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Host immunogenetic factors can affect late complications of urogenital infections with Chlamydia trachomatis. These findings are creating new avenues for updating existing risk prediction models for C. trachomatis-associated tubal factor infertility (TFI). Research into host factors and its utilization may therefore have future implications for diagnosing C. trachomatis-induced infertility. We outline the epidemiological situation regarding C. trachomatis and TFI in high-income countries. Thereupon, we review the main characteristics of the population undergoing fertility work-up and identify screening and diagnostic strategies for TFI currently in place. The Netherlands is an exemplary model for the state of the art in high-income countries. Within the framework of existing clinical approaches, we propose a scenario for the translation of relevant genome-based information into triage of infertile women, with the objective of implementing genetic profiling in the routine investigation of TFI. Furthermore, we describe the state of the art in relevant gene- and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) based clinical prediction models and place our perspectives in the context of these applications. We conclude that the introduction of a genetic test of proven validity into the assessment of TFI should help reduce patient burden from invasive and costly examinations by achieving a more precise risk stratification.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes10060410","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,28]],"date-time":"2019-05-28T11:18:09Z","timestamp":1559042289000},"page":"410","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The Potential Role for Host Genetic Profiling in Screening for Chlamydia-Associated Tubal Factor Infertility (TFI)\u2014New Perspectives"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Jelena","family":"Malogajski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Public Health Genomics, Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Research Institute GROW, Faculty of Health, Medicine &amp; Life Sciences, University of Maastricht, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Public Health, School of Health Professions, Long Island University\u2013Brooklyn, Brooklyn, New York, NY 11201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Brankovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Public Health Genomics, Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Research Institute GROW, Faculty of Health, Medicine &amp; Life Sciences, University of Maastricht, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jolande A.","family":"Land","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Public Health Genomics, Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Research Institute GROW, Faculty of Health, Medicine &amp; Life Sciences, University of Maastricht, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre P. M.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Public Health Genomics, Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Research Institute GROW, Faculty of Health, Medicine &amp; Life Sciences, University of Maastricht, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, VU University Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Servaas A.","family":"Morr\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Public Health Genomics, Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Research Institute GROW, Faculty of Health, Medicine &amp; Life Sciences, University of Maastricht, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, VU University Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6975-8213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Ambrosino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Public Health Genomics, Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Research Institute GROW, Faculty of Health, Medicine &amp; Life Sciences, University of Maastricht, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)09417-5","article-title":"Female subfertility","volume":"360","author":"Evers","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dem046","article-title":"International estimates of infertility prevalence and treatment-seeking: Potential need and demand for infertility medical care","volume":"22","author":"Boivin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e3182572475","article-title":"How much tubal factor infertility is caused by Chlamydia? Estimates based on serological evidence corrected for sensitivity and specificity","volume":"39","author":"Price","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sex. Transm. Dis."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"15","article-title":"An integrated approach to Chlamydia trachomatis infection: The ICTI Consortium, an update","volume":"45","author":"Lyons","year":"2009","journal-title":"Drugs Today"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1258\/ijsa.2010.010302","article-title":"2010 European guideline for the management of Chlamydia trachomatis infections","volume":"21","author":"Lanjouw","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. STD AIDS"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1258\/095646202762226092","article-title":"The natural course of asymptomatic Chlamydia trachomatis infections: 45% clearance and no development of clinical PID after one-year follow-up","volume":"13","author":"Morre","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. STD AIDS"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/5.5.433","article-title":"Chlamydia trachomatis: Impact on human reproduction","volume":"5","author":"Paavonen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"WHO (2013, October 06). Sexually Transmitted Infections. Available online: http:\/\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/factsheets\/fs110\/en\/."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.000245","article-title":"HPV genotypes distribution in Chlamydia trachomatis co-infection in a large cohort of women from north-east Italy","volume":"65","author":"Seraceni","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-9378-9-30","article-title":"High prevalence of hpv multiple genotypes in women with persistent chlamydia trachomatis infection","volume":"9","author":"Seraceni","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infect. Agents Cancer"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3077","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000003077","article-title":"Chlamydia trachomatis infection-associated risk of cervical cancer: A meta-analysis","volume":"95","author":"Zhu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Den Hartog, J.E., Ouburg, S., Land, J.A., Lyons, J.M., Ito, J.I., Pena, A.S., and Morre, S.A. (2006). Do host genetic traits in the bacterial sensing system play a role in the development of Chlamydia trachomatis-associated tubal pathology in subfertile women?. BMC Infect. Dis., 6.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-6-122"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6187","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.11.6187","article-title":"Toll-like receptor-2, but not Toll-like receptor-4, is essential for development of oviduct pathology in chlamydial genital tract infection","volume":"171","author":"Darville","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1086\/346044","article-title":"The role that the functional Asp299Gly polymorphism in the toll-like receptor-4 gene plays in susceptibility to Chlamydia trachomatis-associated tubal infertility","volume":"187","author":"Morre","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2009.00536.x","article-title":"Chlamydia trachomatis: Identification of susceptibility markers for ocular and sexually transmitted infection by immunogenetics","volume":"55","author":"Morre","year":"2009","journal-title":"FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"75","article-title":"TLR4 in Chlamydia trachomatis infections: Knockout mice, STD patients and women with tubal factor subfertility","volume":"45","author":"Lyons","year":"2009","journal-title":"Drugs Today"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2010.06.001","article-title":"Association of CCR5, TLR2, TLR4 and MBL genetic variations with genital tract infections and tubal factor infertility","volume":"87","author":"Laisk","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/femspd\/ftu028","article-title":"NOD1 in contrast to NOD2 functional polymorphism influence Chlamydia trachomatis infection and the risk of tubal factor infertility","volume":"73","author":"Brankovic","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pathog. Dis."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"45","article-title":"Host genetic contribution to the cellular immune response to Chlamydia trachomatis: Heritability estimate from a Gambian twin study","volume":"45","author":"Bailey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Drugs Today"},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"CDC (2016). CDC STD Surveillance Report, CDC."},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"ECDC (2017). ECDC Annual Epidemiological Report 2017, ECDC."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1080\/03009734.2016.1201553","article-title":"Postponing parenthood to advanced age","volume":"121","author":"Waldenstrom","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ups. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lappeg\u00e5rd, T. (2014). Changing european families. The Wiley Blackwell Companion to the Sociology of Families, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118374085.ch2"},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"(2013, October 02). RIVM. Chlamydia: Hoe Vaak Komt Het Voor en Hoeveel Mensen Sterven Eraan?. Available online: http:\/\/www.nationaalkompas.nl\/gezondheid-en-ziekte\/ziekten-en-aandoeningen\/infectieziekten-en-parasitaire-ziekten\/soa\/chlamydia\/omvang\/."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckv196","article-title":"Changes in chlamydia control activities in Europe between 2007 and 2012: A cross-national survey","volume":"26","author":"Sfetcu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"RIVM (2017). Sexually Transmitted Infections Including HIV, in The Netherlands in 2016, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment."},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"ECDC (2016). Guidance on Chlamydia Control in Europe\u20142015, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control."},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"Statistiek, C.B.v.d. (2013, October 02). Geboorte; Leeftijd Moeder. Available online: http:\/\/statline.cbs.nl\/StatWeb\/publication\/?VW=T&DM=SLNL&PA=37520&LA=NL."},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"(2013, October 02). Statistiek, C.B.v.d. Geboorteregeling 2008. Available online: www.cbs.nl."},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"RIVM (2014, October 03). Nationale Atlas Volksgezondheid: Leeftijd moeder bij eerste kind 2010 per gemeente. Available online: http:\/\/www.zorgatlas.nl\/beinvloedende-factoren\/demografie\/geboorte-en-sterfte\/leeftijd-moeder-bij-geboorte-eerste-kind-per-gemeente\/."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2010.05.013","article-title":"Demographic age shift toward later conception results in an increased age in the subfertile population and an increased demand for medical care","volume":"95","author":"Land","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_32","unstructured":"Balen, A.H. (2014). Infertility in Practice, CRC Press. [4th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S134","DOI":"10.1086\/652395","article-title":"Risk of sequelae after Chlamydia trachomatis genital infection in women","volume":"201","author":"Haggerty","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.3109\/14647273.2010.513893","article-title":"Impact of Chlamydia trachomatis in the reproductive setting: British Fertility Society Guidelines for practice","volume":"13","author":"Akande","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum. Fertil."},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"25","article-title":"Prevalence of urogenital Chlamydia trachomatis infections in the Netherlands suggests selective screening approaches. Results from the PILOT CT Population Study","volume":"42","author":"Gotz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Drugs Today"},{"key":"ref_36","unstructured":"Van Bergen, J.E., Fennema, J.S., van den Broek, I.V., Brouwers, E.E., de Feijter, E.M., Hoebe, C.J., Koekenbier, R.H., de Coul, E.L., van Ravesteijn, S.M., and Gotz, H.M. (2010). Rationale, design, and results of the first screening round of a comprehensive, register-based, Chlamydia screening implementation programme in the Netherlands. BMC Infect. Dis., 10."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4316","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e4316","article-title":"Effectiveness of yearly, register based screening for Chlamydia in the Netherlands: Controlled trial with randomised stepped wedge implementation","volume":"345","author":"Brouwers","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"1606","article-title":"Pelvic inflammatory disease","volume":"2013","author":"Ross","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ Clin. Evid."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e31825a6bc9","article-title":"Subclinical pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility","volume":"120","author":"Wiesenfeld","year":"2012","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(93)90085-W","article-title":"Atypical pelvic inflammatory disease: Can we identify clinical predictors?","volume":"169","author":"Cates","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmp035","article-title":"Epidemiology of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in women and the cost-effectiveness of screening","volume":"16","author":"Land","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyt011","article-title":"Estimation of the risk of tubal factor infertility associated with genital chlamydial infection in women: A statistical modelling study","volume":"42","author":"Kavanagh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hoenderboom, B.M., van Oeffelen, A.A., van Benthem, B.H., van Bergen, J.E., Dukers-Muijrers, N.H., Gotz, H.M., Hoebe, C.J., Hogewoning, A.A., van der Klis, F.R., and van Baarle, D. (2017). The Netherlands Chlamydia cohort study (NECCST) protocol to assess the risk of late complications following Chlamydia trachomatis infection in women. BMC Infect. Dis., 17.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-017-2376-y"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1840","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/den237","article-title":"Screening strategies for tubal factor subfertility","volume":"23","author":"Lardenoije","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(97)81435-5","article-title":"The accuracy of serum chlamydial antibodies in the diagnosis of tubal pathology: A meta-analysis","volume":"67","author":"Mol","year":"1997","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2621","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deg479","article-title":"Performance of five serological chlamydia antibody tests in subfertile women","volume":"18","author":"Land","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dml030","article-title":"Chlamydia trachomatis-associated tubal factor subfertility: Immunogenetic aspects and serological screening","volume":"12","author":"Morre","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1159\/000346207","article-title":"Chlamydia trachomatis infections and subfertility: Opportunities to translate host pathogen genomic data into public health","volume":"16","author":"Lal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Public Health Genom."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmq056","article-title":"Are patient characteristics associated with the accuracy of hysterosalpingography in diagnosing tubal pathology? An individual patient data meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Broeze","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)57781-4","article-title":"The accuracy of hysterosalpingography in the diagnosis of tubal pathology: A meta-analysis","volume":"64","author":"Swart","year":"1995","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2012.03.036","article-title":"Use of laparoscopy in unexplained infertility","volume":"163","author":"Bonneau","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jansen, M.E., Brankovic, I., Spaargaren, J., Ouburg, S., and Morre, S.A. (2016). Potential protective effect of a G>A SNP in the 3\u2019UTR of HLA-A for Chlamydia trachomatis symptomatology and severity of infection. Pathog. Dis., 74.","DOI":"10.1093\/femspd\/ftv116"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Verweij, S.P., Karimi, O., Pleijster, J., Lyons, J.M., de Vries, H.J., Land, J.A., Morr\u00e9, S.A., and Ouburg, S. (2016). TLR2, TLR4 and TLR9 genotypes and haplotypes in the susceptibility to and clinical course of Chlamydia trachomatis infections in Dutch women. Pathog. Dis., 74.","DOI":"10.1093\/femspd\/ftv107"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jiang, J., Karimi, O., Ouburg, S., Champion, C.I., Khurana, A., Liu, G., Freed, A., Pleijster, J., Rozengurt, N., and Land, J.A. (2012). Interruption of CXCL13-CXCR5 axis increases upper genital tract pathology and activation of NKT cells following chlamydial genital infection. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0047487"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1007\/s40273-014-0143-0","article-title":"Is individualized medicine more cost-effective? A systematic review","volume":"32","author":"Hatz","year":"2014","journal-title":"PharmacoEconomics"},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"258","article-title":"Implementing genomic medicine in the clinic: The future is here","volume":"15","author":"Manolio","year":"2013","journal-title":"Genet. Med. Off. J. Am. Coll. Med Genet."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.srhc.2017.04.001","article-title":"The attitudes of Dutch fertility specialists towards the addition of genetic testing in screening of tubal factor infertility","volume":"12","author":"Malogajski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sex. Reprod. Healthc."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sanders, M.S., de Jonge, R.C., Terwee, C.B., Heymans, M.W., Koomen, I., Ouburg, S., Spanjaard, L., Morre, S.A., and van Furth, A.M. (2013). Addition of host genetic variants in a prediction rule for post meningitis hearing loss in childhood: A model updating study. BMC Infect. Dis., 13.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-13-340"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"d631","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d631","article-title":"Strengthening the reporting of genetic risk prediction studies: The GRIPS statement","volume":"342","author":"Janssens","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-011-0235-6","article-title":"A methodological perspective on genetic risk prediction studies in type 2 diabetes: Recommendations for future research","volume":"11","author":"Willems","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Diab. Rep."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R187","DOI":"10.1186\/ar3157","article-title":"Prediction model for knee osteoarthritis based on genetic and clinical information","volume":"12","author":"Takahashi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."}],"container-title":["Genes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4425\/10\/6\/410\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T12:54:16Z","timestamp":1760187256000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4425\/10\/6\/410"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,28]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]}},"alternative-id":["genes10060410"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/genes10060410","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4425"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4425","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,28]]}}}