{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T17:47:02Z","timestamp":1780508822499,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,21]],"date-time":"2019-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561075200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009037","name":"Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["10000284; 14425718"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10000284; 14425718"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009037","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18073004; 18GS0314"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18073004; 18GS0314"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001700","name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["26020A; 16K19114; 23570131; 26234567"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["26020A; 16K19114; 23570131; 26234567"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Malaria is one of the three major global health threats. Drug development for malaria, especially for its most dangerous form caused by Plasmodium falciparum, remains an urgent task due to the emerging drug-resistant parasites. Exploration of novel antimalarial drug targets identified a trifunctional enzyme, malate quinone oxidoreductase (MQO), located in the mitochondrial inner membrane of P. falciparum (PfMQO). PfMQO is involved in the pathways of mitochondrial electron transport chain, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and fumarate cycle. Recent studies have shown that MQO is essential for P. falciparum survival in asexual stage and for the development of experiment cerebral malaria in the murine parasite P. berghei, providing genetic validation of MQO as a drug target. However, chemical validation of MQO, as a target, remains unexplored. In this study, we used active recombinant protein rPfMQO overexpressed in bacterial membrane fractions to screen a total of 400 compounds from the Pathogen Box, released by Medicines for Malaria Venture. The screening identified seven hit compounds targeting rPfMQO with an IC50 of under 5 \u03bcM. We tested the activity of hit compounds against the growth of 3D7 wildtype strain of P. falciparum, among which four compounds showed an IC50 from low to sub-micromolar concentrations, suggesting that PfMQO is indeed a potential antimalarial drug target.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes10060471","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,21]],"date-time":"2019-06-21T11:54:31Z","timestamp":1561118071000},"page":"471","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Identification of Plasmodium falciparum Mitochondrial Malate: Quinone Oxidoreductase Inhibitors from the Pathogen Box"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Xinying","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan"},{"name":"School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4, Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yukiko","family":"Miyazaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4, Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9791-927X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel Ken","family":"Inaoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan"},{"name":"School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4, Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Infection Dynamics, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, 1-12-4, Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Endah Dwi","family":"Hartuti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4, Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoh-Ichi","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9312-1298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomoo","family":"Shiba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Biology, Graduate School of Science Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Hashikamicho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shigeharu","family":"Harada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Biology, Graduate School of Science Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Hashikamicho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Saimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-cho Minami, Tottori 680-8550, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy Nicholas","family":"Burrows","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicines for Malaria Venture, Route de Pr\u00e9 Bois 20, 1215 Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco Javier Gamo","family":"Benito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GlaxoSmithKline (GSK), Tres Cantos Medicine Development Campus, Severo Ochoa, 28760 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1354-5133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomoyoshi","family":"Nozaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiyoshi","family":"Kita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan"},{"name":"School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4, Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Host-Defense Biochemistry, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, 1-12-4, Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2018, July 22). 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