{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T11:41:41Z","timestamp":1789040501593,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,30]],"date-time":"2019-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"This study was part of Program of National Beef Cattle and Yak   Industrial Technology System (grant number CARS-37) and funded by an   innovation project of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences","award":["grant number  CAAS ASTIP-2014-LIHPS-01)."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["grant number  CAAS ASTIP-2014-LIHPS-01)."]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Testis-specific genes play an essential part in the centromere union during meiosis in male germ cells, spermatogenesis, and in fertility. Previously, there was no research report available on the expression pattern of SYCP3 and TSEG2 genes in different ages of yaks. Therefore, the current research compared the expression profiling of SYCP3 and TSEG2 genes in testes of yaks. The expression pattern of SYCP3 and TSEG2 mRNA was investigated using qPCR, semi-quantitative PCR, western blot, immunohistochemistry, and molecular bioinformatics. Our findings displayed that SYCP3 and TSEG2 genes were prominently expressed in the testicles of yaks as compared to other organs. On the other hand, the protein encoded by yak SYCP3 contains Cor1\/Xlr\/Xmr conserved regions, while the protein encoded by yak TSEG2 contains synaptonemal complex central element protein 3. Additionally, multiple alignments sequences indicated that proteins encoded by Datong yak SYCP3 and TSEG2 were highly conserved among mammals. Moreover, western blot analysis specified that the molecular mass of SYCP3 protein was 34-kDa and TSEG2 protein 90-kDa in the yak. Furthermore, the results of immunohistochemistry also revealed the prominent expression of these proteins in the testis of mature yaks, which indicated that SYCP3 and TSEG2 might be essential for spermatogenesis, induction of central element assembly, and homologous recombination.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes10110867","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]],"date-time":"2019-10-31T05:18:26Z","timestamp":1572499106000},"page":"867","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Molecular Cloning and Characterization of SYCP3 and TSEG2 Genes in the Testicles of Sexually Mature and Immature Yak"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Qudratullah","family":"Kalwar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu, China"},{"name":"Department of Animal Reproduction Shaheed Benazir Bhutto, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sakrand 67210, Sindh, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anum Ali","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoming","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renzheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fulong","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianpeng","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuezhi","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyun","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengjia","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Syrj\u00e4nen, J.L., Pellegrini, L., and Davies, O.R. 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