{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T10:09:27Z","timestamp":1783937367762,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,5]],"date-time":"2019-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Ministero della Salute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RF-2016-02361293"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RF-2016-02361293"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are known to regulate gene expression at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels, chromatin remodeling, and signal transduction. The identification of different species of ncRNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), and long ncRNAs (lncRNAs)\u2014and in some cases, their combined regulatory function on specific target genes\u2014may help to elucidate their role in biological processes. NcRNAs\u2019 deregulation has an impact on the impairment of physiological programs, driving cells in cancer development. We here carried out a review of literature concerning the implication of ncRNAs on tumor development in neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), an inherited tumor predisposition syndrome. A number of miRNAs and a lncRNA has been implicated in NF1-associated tumors, such as malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) and astrocytoma, as well as in the pathognomonic neurofibromas. Some authors reported that the lncRNA ANRIL was deregulated in the blood of NF1 patients with plexiform neurofibromas (PNFs), even if its role should be further elucidated. We here provided original data concerning the association of a specific genotype about ANRIL rs2151280 with the presence of optic gliomas and a mild expression of the NF1 phenotype. We also detected the LOH of ANRIL in different tumors from NF1 patients, supporting the involvement of ANRIL in some NF1-associated tumors. Our results suggest that ANRIL rs2151280 may be a potential diagnostic and prognostic marker, addressing early diagnosis of optic glioma and predicting the phenotype severity in NF1 patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes10110892","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,7]],"date-time":"2019-11-07T02:48:31Z","timestamp":1573094911000},"page":"892","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Non-Coding RNA and Tumor Development in Neurofibromatosis Type 1: ANRIL Rs2151280 Is Associated with Optic Glioma Development and a Mild Phenotype in Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Viviana","family":"Tritto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, via F.lli Cervi 93, Segrate, 20090 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0103-2170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Ferrari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, via F.lli Cervi 93, Segrate, 20090 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6330-2562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"Esposito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Developmental Neurology, Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, via Celoria 11, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Zuccotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, via F.lli Cervi 93, Segrate, 20090 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6313-0377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donatella","family":"Bianchessi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, via Celoria 11, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8625-3089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federica","family":"Natacci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Medical Genetics, Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via della Commenda 12, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4830-6204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veronica","family":"Saletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Developmental Neurology, Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, via Celoria 11, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4744-9377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marica","family":"Eoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, via Celoria 11, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6481-8467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paola","family":"Riva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, via F.lli Cervi 93, Segrate, 20090 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc.2017.99","article-title":"Non-coding RNA networks in cancer","volume":"18","author":"Anastasiadou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1098119","article-title":"Ultraconserved elements in the human genome","volume":"304","author":"Bejerano","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2013.10.035","article-title":"Evolutionary conservation of long non-coding RNAs; Sequence, structure, function","volume":"1840","author":"Johnsson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Gen. Subj."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11233","article-title":"Landscape of transcription in human cells","volume":"489","author":"Djebali","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1105136","article-title":"The ENCODE (ENCyclopedia of DNA Elements) Project","volume":"306","author":"Feingold","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.04.005","article-title":"Roles for microRNAs in conferring robustness to biological processes","volume":"149","author":"Ebert","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-017-2626-6","article-title":"Interaction and cross-talk between non-coding RNAs","volume":"75","author":"Yamamura","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moncini, S., Bevilacqua, A., Venturin, M., Fallini, C., Ratti, A., Nicolin, A., and Riva, P. (2007). The 3\u2032 untranslated region of human Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5 Regulatory subunit 1 contains regulatory elements affecting transcript stability. BMC Mol. Biol., 8.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2199-8-111"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagrm.2014.04.018","article-title":"HnRNPA2\/B1 and nELAV proteins bind to a specific U-rich element in CDK5R1 3\u2019-UTR and oppositely regulate its expression","volume":"1839","author":"Zuccotti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Gene Regul. Mech."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.2741\/3727","article-title":"Genetic basis of tumorigenesis in NF1 malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors","volume":"16","author":"Upadhyaya","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front. Biosci."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-7364-6-23","article-title":"An emerging role for microRNAs in NF1 tumorigenesis","volume":"6","author":"Sedani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum. Genom."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.10-172452","article-title":"ANRIL, a long, noncoding RNA, is an unexpected major hotspot in GWAS","volume":"25","author":"Pasmant","year":"2011","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djr416","article-title":"Role of noncoding RNA ANRIL in genesis of plexiform neurofibromas in neurofibromatosis type 1","volume":"103","author":"Pasmant","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Natl. Cancer Inst."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2708","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.26437","article-title":"Knockdown of long non-coding RNA ANRIL inhibits proliferation, migration, and invasion but promotes apoptosis of human glioma cells by upregulation of miR-34a","volume":"119","author":"Dong","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s10689-006-9001-3","article-title":"Molecular diagnosis of neurofibromatosis type 1, 2 Years experience","volume":"6","author":"Griffiths","year":"2007","journal-title":"Fam. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(95)00076-3","article-title":"Gender response to neurofibromatosis","volume":"42","author":"Ablon","year":"1996","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"43","article-title":"Von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis: New perspectives","volume":"78","author":"Riccardi","year":"1982","journal-title":"Tex. Med."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-017-1832-5","article-title":"Identification of an atypical microdeletion generating the RNF135-SUZ12 chimeric gene and causing a position effect in an NF1 patient with overgrowth","volume":"136","author":"Ferrari","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum. Genet."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3095","article-title":"PRC2 is recurrently inactivated through EED or SUZ12 loss in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors","volume":"46","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-017-0518-y","article-title":"Cancer of the peripheral nerve in neurofibromatosis type 1","volume":"14","author":"Staedtke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Masliah-Planchon, J., Pasmant, E., Luscan, A., Laurendeau, I., Ortonne, N., Hivelin, M., Varin, J., Valeyrie-Allanore, L., Dumaine, V., and Lantieri, L. (2013). MicroRNAome profiling in benign and malignant neurofibromatosis type 1-associated nerve sheath tumors: Evidences of PTEN pathway alterations in early NF1 tumorigenesis. BMC Genom., 14.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-14-473"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2005.01.014","article-title":"RAS is regulated by the let-7 microRNA family","volume":"120","author":"Johnson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1997","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.2010.01616.x","article-title":"MicroRNA-10b regulates tumorigenesis in neurofibromatosis type 1","volume":"101","author":"Chai","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Sci."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1722","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-10-1800","article-title":"Analysis of MiR-195 and MiR-497 expression, regulation and role in breast cancer","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(03)01018-3","article-title":"Prediction of mammalian microRNA targets","volume":"115","author":"Lewis","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ra29","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.2000594","article-title":"Identification of the miR-106b\u223c25 microRNA cluster as a proto-oncogenic PTEN-targeting intron that cooperates with its host gene MCM7 in transformation","volume":"3","author":"Poliseno","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sci. Signal."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2926","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-10-3369","article-title":"MicroRNA-301 mediates proliferation and invasion in human breast cancer","volume":"71","author":"Shi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1540407","article-title":"The tumor suppressor microRNA let-7 represses the HMGA2 oncogene","volume":"21","author":"Yong","year":"2007","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb2024","article-title":"MiR-9, a MYC\/MYCN-activated microRNA, regulates E-cadherin and cancer metastasis","volume":"12","author":"Ma","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5795","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-08-0951","article-title":"Regulation of the adenomatous polyposis coli gene by the miR-135 family in colorectal cancer","volume":"68","author":"Nagel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.4161\/cc.8.6.7907","article-title":"Let-7 and miR-200 microRNAs: Guardians against pluripotency and cancer progression","volume":"8","author":"Peter","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2611","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.25923","article-title":"MiR-9 downregulates CDX2 expression in gastric cancer cells","volume":"129","author":"Rotkrua","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.4161\/cbt.6.8.4486","article-title":"DNA methylation regulates microRNA expression","volume":"6","author":"Han","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cancer Biol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1097434","article-title":"MicroRNA-directed cleavage of HOXB8 mRNA","volume":"304","author":"Yekta","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2009.09.006","article-title":"Hypoxia-inducible mir-210 regulates normoxic gene expression involved in tumor initiation","volume":"35","author":"Huang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2008.45","article-title":"MicroRNA let-7b targets important cell cycle molecules in malignant melanoma cells and interferes with anchorage-independent growth","volume":"18","author":"Schultz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trompeter, H.I., Abbad, H., Iwaniuk, K.M., Hafner, M., Renwick, N., Tuschl, T., Schira, J., M\u00fcller, H.W., and Wernet, P. (2011). MicroRNAs MiR-17, MiR-20a, and MiR-106b Act in concert to modulate E2F activity on cell cycle arrest during neuronal lineage differentiation of USSC. PLoS ONE, 6.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0016138"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.4161\/cc.9.9.11535","article-title":"miR-129 regulates cell proliferation by downregulating Cdk6 expression","volume":"9","author":"Wu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22919","article-title":"MicroRNA-195 suppresses tumorigenicity and regulates G 1 \/S transition of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells","volume":"50","author":"Xu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1002\/path.2633","article-title":"Genome-wide transcriptome analyses reveal p53 inactivation mediated loss of miR-34a expression in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours","volume":"220","author":"Subramanian","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkn920","article-title":"Twist-1 regulates the miR-199a\/214 cluster during development","volume":"37","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/nos124","article-title":"MicroRNA-204 critically regulates carcinogenesis in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors","volume":"14","author":"Gong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-012-1223-1","article-title":"MicroRNA-21 correlates with tumorigenesis in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) via programmed cell death protein 4 (PDCD4)","volume":"138","author":"Itani","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2012.518","article-title":"MicroRNA profiling of peripheral nerve sheath tumours identifies miR-29c as a tumour suppressor gene involved in tumour progression","volume":"108","author":"Presneau","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410410204","article-title":"Optic pathway gliomas in children with neurofibromatosis 1, Consensus statement from the NF1 optic pathway glioma task force","volume":"41","author":"Listernick","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/nos269","article-title":"MicroRNA profiling in pediatric pilocytic astrocytoma reveals biologically relevant targets, including PBX3, NFIB, and METAP2","volume":"15","author":"Ho","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-018-03042-6","article-title":"MicroRNA profile of pediatric pilocytic astrocytomas identifies two tumor-specific signatures when compared to non-neoplastic white matter","volume":"141","author":"Lira","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neurooncol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2663","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000002663","article-title":"Plexiform Neurofibroma: A Case Report","volume":"95","author":"Tchernev","year":"2016","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Drak Alsibai, K., Vacher, S., Meseure, D., Nicolas, A., Lae, M., Schnitzler, A., Chemlali, W., Cros, J., Longchampt, E., and Cacheux, W. (2019). High positive correlations between ANRIL and p16-CDKN2A\/p15-CDKN2B\/p14-ARF gene cluster overexpression in multi-tumor types suggest deregulated activation of an ANRIL\u2013ARF bidirectional promoter. Non-Coding RNA, 5.","DOI":"10.3390\/ncrna5030044"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2010.03.021","article-title":"Molecular interplay of the noncoding RNA ANRIL and methylated histone H3 lysine 27 by polycomb CBX7 in transcriptional silencing of INK4a","volume":"38","author":"Yap","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2008.11.004","article-title":"Ezh1 and Ezh2 maintain repressive chromatin through different mechanisms","volume":"32","author":"Margueron","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2015.10.002","article-title":"Long non-coding RNA ANRIL is up-regulated in bladder cancer and regulates bladder cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis through the intrinsic pathway","volume":"467","author":"Zhu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2497","DOI":"10.3892\/ijo.2015.2943","article-title":"Long non-coding RNA ANRIL predicts poor prognosis and promotes invasion\/metastasis in serous ovarian cancer","volume":"46","author":"Qiu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_54","first-page":"5377","article-title":"Long noncoding RNA ANRIL regulates proliferation of non-small cell lung cancer and cervical cancer cells","volume":"35","author":"Naemura","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anticancer Res."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1158\/1541-7786.MCR-15-0418","article-title":"Expression of ANRIL-polycomb complexes-CDKN2A\/B\/ARF genes in breast tumors: Identification of a two-gene (EZH2\/CBX7) signature with independent prognostic value","volume":"14","author":"Meseure","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2276","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.1902","article-title":"Long noncoding RNA ANRIL indicates a poor prognosis of gastric cancer and promotes tumor growth by epigenetically silencing of miR-99a\/miR-449a","volume":"5","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2014.03.015","article-title":"ANRIL inhibits p15INK4b through the TGF\u03b21 signaling pathway in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"289","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-14-0492","article-title":"Long noncoding RNA ANRIL promotes non-small cell lung cancer cell proliferation and inhibits apoptosis by silencing KLF2 and P21 expression","volume":"14","author":"Nie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Ther."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-015-0153-1","article-title":"Long non-coding RNA ANRIL is upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma and regulates cell apoptosis by epigenetic silencing of KLF2","volume":"8","author":"Huang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cunnington, M.S., Koref, M.S., Mayosi, B.M., Burn, J., and Keavney, B. (2010). Chromosome 9p21 SNPs associated with multiple disease phenotypes correlate with ANRIL expression. PLoS Genet., 6.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1000899"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3963","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-06-2004","article-title":"Characterization of a germ-line deletion, including the entire INK4\/ARF locus, in a melanoma-neural system tumor family: Identification of ANRIL, an antisense noncoding RNA whose expression coclusters with ARF","volume":"67","author":"Pasmant","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mu\u00dfotter, T., Kluwe, L., H\u00f6gel, J., Nguyen, R., Cooper, D.N., Mautner, V.F., and Kehrer-Sawatzki, H. (2012). Non-coding RNA ANRIL and the number of plexiform neurofibromas in patients with NF1 microdeletions. BMC Med. Genet., 13.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2350-13-98"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2018.00405","article-title":"ANRIL: A lncRNA at the CDKN2A\/B locus with roles in cancer and metabolic disease","volume":"9","author":"Kong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1002\/gcc.20921","article-title":"Atypical neurofibromas in neurofibromatosis type 1 are premalignant tumors","volume":"50","author":"Beert","year":"2011","journal-title":"Genes Chromosom. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2012.00219","article-title":"Long non-coding RNAs in cancer progression","volume":"3","author":"Tano","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Genet."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1956","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2010.568","article-title":"Long non-coding RNA ANRIL is required for the PRC2 recruitment to and silencing of p15 INK4B tumor suppressor gene","volume":"30","author":"Kotake","year":"2011","journal-title":"Oncogene"}],"container-title":["Genes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4425\/10\/11\/892\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:32:08Z","timestamp":1760189528000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4425\/10\/11\/892"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,5]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]}},"alternative-id":["genes10110892"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/genes10110892","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4425"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4425","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,5]]}}}