{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T20:29:53Z","timestamp":1781728193886,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":244,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,29]],"date-time":"2019-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577577600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The World Health Organization (WHO) defines infertility as the inability of a sexually active, non-contracepting couple to achieve spontaneous pregnancy within one year. Statistics show that the two sexes are equally at risk. Several causes may be responsible for male infertility; however, in 30\u201340% of cases a diagnosis of idiopathic male infertility is made in men with normal urogenital anatomy, no history of familial fertility-related diseases and a normal panel of values as for endocrine, genetic and biochemical markers. Idiopathic male infertility may be the result of gene\/environment interactions, genetic and epigenetic abnormalities. Numerical and structural anomalies of the Y chromosome represent a minor yet significant proportion and are the topic discussed in this review. We searched the PubMed database and major search engines for reports about Y-linked male infertility. We present cases of Y-linked male infertility in terms of (i) anomalies of the Y chromosome structure\/number; (ii) Y chromosome misbehavior in a normal genetic background; (iii) Y chromosome copy number variations (CNVs). We discuss possible explanations of male infertility caused by mutations, lower or higher number of copies of otherwise wild type, Y-linked sequences. Despite Y chromosome structural anomalies are not a major cause of male infertility, in case of negative results and of normal DNA sequencing of the ascertained genes causing infertility and mapping on this chromosome, we recommend an analysis of the karyotype integrity in all cases of idiopathic fertility impairment, with an emphasis on the structure and number of this chromosome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes11010040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,30]],"date-time":"2019-12-30T05:49:41Z","timestamp":1577684981000},"page":"40","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["The Role of Number of Copies, Structure, Behavior and Copy Number Variations (CNV) of the Y Chromosome in Male Infertility"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Signore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Misericordia Hospital, 58100 Grosseto, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caterina","family":"Gul\u00eca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Misericordia Hospital, 58100 Grosseto, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raffaella","family":"Votino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Misericordia Hospital, 58100 Grosseto, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"De Leo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine and Development, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Zaami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0134-2830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenza","family":"Putignani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Parasitology and Unit of Human Microbiome, IRCCS Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Gigli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Sandro Pertini Hospital, 00157 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edoardo","family":"Santini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Misericordia Hospital, 58100 Grosseto, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Bertacca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Emergency Unit, Misericordia Hospital, 58100 Grosseto, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Porrello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7584-2171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Piergentili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology of the Italian National Research Council (IBPM-CNR), Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2016). 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