{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T22:00:37Z","timestamp":1790892037591,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,18]],"date-time":"2020-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581984000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23790381"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23790381"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["25282028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25282028"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000009","name":"Foundation for the National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HL131952"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL131952"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000009","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Two class of drugs 1) angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEis) and 2) angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) are well-known conventional drugs that can retard the progression of chronic nephropathies to end-stage renal disease. However, there is a lack of comparative studies on the effects of ACEi versus ARB on renal fibrosis. Here, we observed that ACEi ameliorated renal fibrosis by mitigating DPP-4 and TGF\u03b2 signaling, whereas, ARB did not show. Moreover, the combination of N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline (AcSDKP), one of the substrates of ACE, with ACEi slightly enhanced the inhibitory effects of ACEi on DPP-4 and associated-TGF\u03b2 signaling. Further, the comprehensive miRome analysis in kidneys of ACEi+AcSDKP (combination) treatment revealed the emergence of miR-29s and miR-let-7s as key antifibrotic players. Treatment of cultured cells with ACEi alone or in combination with AcSDKP prevented the downregulated expression of miR-29s and miR-let-7s induced by TGF\u03b2 stimulation. Interestingly, ACEi also restored miR-29 and miR-let-7 family cross-talk in endothelial cells, an effect that is shared by AcSDKP suggesting that AcSDKP may be partially involved in the anti-mesenchymal action of ACEi. The results of the present study promise to advance our understanding of how ACEi regulates antifibrotic microRNAs crosstalk and DPP-4 associated-fibrogenic processes which is a critical event in the development of diabetic kidney disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes11020211","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,25]],"date-time":"2020-02-25T08:12:22Z","timestamp":1582618342000},"page":"211","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":79,"title":["Inhibition of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Ameliorates Renal Fibrosis by Mitigating DPP-4 Level and Restoring Antifibrotic MicroRNAs"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7162-3091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Swayam Prakash","family":"Srivastava","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetology & Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8986-8695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julie E.","family":"Goodwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9563-502X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keizo","family":"Kanasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetology & Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan"},{"name":"Division of Anticipatory Molecular Food Science and Technology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan"},{"name":"Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Internal Medicine 1, Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2711-1539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daisuke","family":"Koya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetology & Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan"},{"name":"Division of Anticipatory Molecular Food Science and Technology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The united states renal data system\u2019s 1991 annual data report: An introduction","volume":"18","author":"Held","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2011.149","article-title":"Cellular and molecular mechanisms of renal fibrosis","volume":"7","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2019.00904","article-title":"Microrna crosstalk influences epithelial-to-mesenchymal, endothelial-to-mesenchymal, and macrophage-to-mesenchymal transitions in the kidney","volume":"10","author":"Srivastava","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S374","DOI":"10.4103\/2230-8210.86982","article-title":"Management of diabetic hypertensives","volume":"15","author":"Ganesh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian J. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1159\/000477946","article-title":"Renoprotective effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin ii receptor blockers in diabetic patients with proteinuria","volume":"42","author":"Hsu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Kidney Blood Press Res."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2047","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)62459-4","article-title":"Comparative efficacy and safety of blood pressure-lowering agents in adults with diabetes and kidney disease: A network meta-analysis","volume":"385","author":"Palmer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1159\/000452588","article-title":"Olmesartan prevents microalbuminuria in db\/db diabetic mice through inhibition of angiotensin ii\/p38\/sirt1-induced podocyte apoptosis","volume":"41","author":"Gu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Kidney Blood Press Res."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S64","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASN.0000093368.27046.3C","article-title":"Ace inhibition versus angiotensin receptor blockade: Which is better for renal and cardiovascular protection?","volume":"15","author":"Laverman","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nagai, T., Kanasaki, M., Srivastava, S., Nakamura, Y., Ishigaki, Y., Kitada, M., Shi, S., Kanasaki, K., and Koya, D. (2014). N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline inhibits diabetes-associated kidney fibrosis and endothelial-mesenchymal transition. Biomed. Res. Int., 2014.","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/696475"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mnh.0000437542.77175.a0","article-title":"Physiology and pathophysiology of incretins in the kidney","volume":"23","author":"Reichetzeder","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2120","DOI":"10.2337\/db13-1029","article-title":"Linagliptin-mediated dpp-4 inhibition ameliorates kidney fibrosis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice by inhibiting endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition in a therapeutic regimen","volume":"63","author":"Kanasaki","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"1864107","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide-1 mediates the protective effect of the dipeptidyl peptidase iv inhibitor on renal fibrosis via reducing the phenotypic conversion of renal microvascular cells in monocrotaline-treated rats","volume":"2018","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1080\/0886022X.2017.1279553","article-title":"Renoprotective effects of a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor in a mouse model of progressive renal fibrosis","volume":"39","author":"Uchida","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ren. Fail"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2014.50","article-title":"Dipeptidyl peptidase iv inhibitor protects against renal interstitial fibrosis in a mouse model of ureteral obstruction","volume":"94","author":"Min","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lab Invest."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2015.103","article-title":"Interactions of dpp-4 and integrin beta1 influences endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition","volume":"88","author":"Shi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/1755-1536-4-25","article-title":"Elevation of the anti-fibrotic peptide n-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline: A blood pressure-independent beneficial effect of angiotensin i-converting enzyme inhibitors","volume":"4","author":"Kanasaki","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fibrogen. Tissue Rep."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASN.0000057544.95569.EC","article-title":"N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline inhibits tgf-beta-mediated plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 expression via inhibition of smad pathway in human mesangial cells","volume":"14","author":"Kanasaki","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. JASN"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.54.3.838","article-title":"N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline prevents renal insufficiency and mesangial matrix expansion in diabetic db\/db mice","volume":"54","author":"Shibuya","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2005040385","article-title":"N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline ameliorates the progression of renal dysfunction and fibrosis in wky rats with established anti-glomerular basement membrane nephritis","volume":"17","author":"Omata","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. JASN"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9172157","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/9172157","article-title":"Oral administration of n-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline ameliorates kidney disease in both type 1 and type 2 diabetic mice via a therapeutic regimen","volume":"2016","author":"Nitta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2010.10.004","article-title":"Mir-29a levels are elevated in the db\/db mice liver and its overexpression leads to attenuation of insulin action on pepck gene expression in hepg2 cells","volume":"332","author":"Pandey","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3234","DOI":"10.1039\/c1mb05041a","article-title":"Comprehensive mirnome and in silico analyses identify the wnt signaling pathway to be altered in the diabetic liver","volume":"7","author":"Kaur","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Biosyst."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nascimento, L.R.D., and Domingueti, C.P. (2019). Micrornas: New biomarkers and promising therapeutic targets for diabetic kidney disease. J. Bras. Nefrol.","DOI":"10.1590\/2175-8239-jbn-2018-0165"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20180890","article-title":"Micrornas and other non-coding rnas in adipose tissue and obesity: Emerging roles as biomarkers and therapeutic targets","volume":"133","author":"Milagro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Sci. (Lond)"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dehaini, H., Awada, H., El-Yazbi, A., Zouein, F.A., Issa, K., Eid, A.A., Ibrahim, M., Badran, A., Baydoun, E., and Pintus, G. (2019). Micrornas as potential pharmaco-targets in ischemia-reperfusion injury compounded by diabetes. Cells, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8020152"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s12263-019-0630-1","article-title":"High-throughput sequencing of small rnas and analysis of differentially expressed micrornas associated with high-fat diet-induced hepatic insulin resistance in mice","volume":"14","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Genes Nutr."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29884","DOI":"10.1038\/srep29884","article-title":"Effect of antifibrotic micrornas crosstalk on the action of n-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline in diabetes-related kidney fibrosis","volume":"6","author":"Srivastava","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1825","DOI":"10.2337\/db06-1226","article-title":"Renal fibrosis and glomerulosclerosis in a new mouse model of diabetic nephropathy and its regression by bone morphogenic protein-7 and advanced glycation end product inhibitors","volume":"56","author":"Sugimoto","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-018-1057-0","article-title":"Sirt3 deficiency leads to induction of abnormal glycolysis in diabetic kidney with fibrosis","volume":"9","author":"Srivastava","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, D., Li, B.H., Wang, J., Ding, Y.N., Dong, Y., Chen, Y.W., and Fan, J.G. (2016). Prolyl oligopeptidase inhibition attenuates steatosis in the l02 human liver cell line. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0165224"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/S1262-3636(07)70146-5","article-title":"Renin-angiotensin system inhibition prevents type 2 diabetes mellitus. Part 1. A meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials","volume":"30","author":"Scheen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASN.0000054495.96193.BF","article-title":"Additive effect of ace inhibition and angiotensin ii receptor blockade in type i diabetic patients with diabetic nephropathy","volume":"14","author":"Jacobsen","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0808400","article-title":"Renal and retinal effects of enalapril and losartan in type 1 diabetes","volume":"361","author":"Mauer","year":"2009","journal-title":"N. Eng. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.321.7274.1440","article-title":"Randomised controlled trial of dual blockade of renin-angiotensin system in patients with hypertension, microalbuminuria, and non-insulin dependent diabetes: The candesartan and lisinopril microalbuminuria (calm) study","volume":"321","author":"Mogensen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61236-2","article-title":"Renal outcomes with telmisartan, ramipril, or both, in people at high vascular risk (the ontarget study): A multicentre, randomised, double-blind, controlled trial","volume":"372","author":"Mann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-148-1-200801010-00190","article-title":"Meta-analysis: Effect of monotherapy and combination therapy with inhibitors of the renin angiotensin system on proteinuria in renal disease","volume":"148","author":"Kunz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200502243520818","article-title":"Preventing microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes","volume":"352","author":"Mauer","year":"2005","journal-title":"N. Eng. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, H.Y., Peng, C.L., Chen, P.C., Chiang, C.K., Chang, C.J., Huang, J.W., Peng, Y.S., Tu, Y.K., Chu, T.S., and Hung, K.Y. (2017). Comparative effectiveness of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors versus angiotensin ii receptor blockers for major renal outcomes in patients with diabetes: A 15-year cohort study. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0177654"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.02.031","article-title":"Comparative superiority of ace inhibitors over angiotensin receptor blockers for people with ckd: Does it matter?","volume":"67","author":"Mavridis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis."},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"27","article-title":"Role of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers in hypertension of chronic kidney disease and renoprotection. Study results","volume":"15","author":"Baltatzi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hippokratia"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"f6008","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f6008","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness of renin-angiotensin system blockers and other antihypertensive drugs in patients with diabetes: Systematic review and bayesian network meta-analysis","volume":"347","author":"Wu","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2005.00145.x","article-title":"Combination therapy with ace inhibitors and angiotensin ii receptor blockers to halt progression of chronic renal disease: Pathophysiology and indications","volume":"67","author":"Wolf","year":"2005","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F683","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00503.2009","article-title":"Angiotensin type 2 receptor actions contribute to angiotensin type 1 receptor blocker effects on kidney fibrosis","volume":"298","author":"Naito","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Ren. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.164202","article-title":"Angiotensin at(2) receptor stimulation inhibits early renal inflammation in renovascular hypertension","volume":"57","author":"Matavelli","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.35.1.155","article-title":"Role of the angiotensin type 2 receptor in the regulation of blood pressure and renal function","volume":"35","author":"Carey","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"153","article-title":"Impact of at2-receptor stimulation on vascular biology, kidney function, and blood pressure","volume":"6","author":"Danyel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Integr. Blood Press Control"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-012-1146-3","article-title":"At2 receptors: Beneficial counter-regulatory role in cardiovascular and renal function","volume":"465","author":"Padia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2965","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2017.353","article-title":"Fgfr1 is critical for the anti-endothelial mesenchymal transition effect of n-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline via induction of the map4k4 pathway","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, B., Jha, J.C., Hagiwara, S., McClelland, A.D., Jandeleit-Dahm, K., Thomas, M.C., Cooper, M.E., and Kantharidis, P. (2013). Transforming growth factor-beta1-mediated renal fibrosis is dependent on the regulation of transforming growth factor receptor 1 expression by let-7b. Kidney Int.","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2013.372"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1496","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2011121144","article-title":"Microrna-324-3p promotes renal fibrosis and is a target of ace inhibition","volume":"23","author":"Macconi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/1755-1536-7-12","article-title":"Lipid mediators in diabetic nephropathy","volume":"7","author":"Srivastava","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fibrog. Tissue Rep."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125469","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/125469","article-title":"Micrornas in kidney fibrosis and diabetic nephropathy: Roles on emt and endmt","volume":"2013","author":"Srivastava","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3627","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2015091017","article-title":"Variations in microrna-25 expression influence the severity of diabetic kidney disease","volume":"28","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2658","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2017.74","article-title":"Microrna-27a promotes podocyte injury via ppargamma-mediated beta-catenin activation in diabetic nephropathy","volume":"8","author":"Zhou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M116.753822","article-title":"Absence of mir-146a in podocytes increases risk of diabetic glomerulopathy via up-regulation of erbb4 and notch-1","volume":"292","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.2337\/db10-0892","article-title":"Mir-200a prevents renal fibrogenesis through repression of tgf-beta2 expression","volume":"60","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2013.235","article-title":"Microrna-29b inhibits diabetic nephropathy in db\/db mice","volume":"22","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2009050530","article-title":"Loss of microrna-192 promotes fibrogenesis in diabetic nephropathy","volume":"21","author":"Krupa","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."}],"container-title":["Genes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4425\/11\/2\/211\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T08:58:53Z","timestamp":1760173133000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4425\/11\/2\/211"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,18]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]}},"alternative-id":["genes11020211"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/genes11020211","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4425"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4425","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,18]]}}}