{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T16:18:54Z","timestamp":1761581934509,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,27]],"date-time":"2020-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582761600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000875","name":"Pew Charitable Trusts","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LATINAMERICAN FELLOWSHIP"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LATINAMERICAN FELLOWSHIP"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000875","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007637","name":"Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnolog\u00eda e Innovaci\u00f3n (COLCIENCIAS)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["675"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["675"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007637","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Leishmania (Viannia) panamensis is one of the most important Leishmania species associated with cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Latin America. Despite its wide geographic distribution and pathogenic potential in humans and animals, the genomic variability of this species is low compared with other Leishmania species circulating in the same geographical area. No studies have reported a detailed analysis of the whole genome of L. panamensis from clinical isolates using DNA high-throughput sequencing to clarify its intraspecific genomic variability or plausible divergence. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the intraspecific genomic variability of L. panamensis from Colombia and Panama. A total of 22 genomes were analyzed, 19 from Colombian patients with CL and three genomes from Panama obtained from public databases. The phylogenomic analysis revealed the potential existence of three well-supported clades as evidence of intraspecific divergence. Additionally, the whole-genome analysis showed low structural variations in terms of ploidy, copy number variations, and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). SNPs shared among all clades were identified, revealing their importance in different biological processes of L. panamensis. The findings not only expand our knowledge of intraspecific genomic variability of one of the most important Leishmania species in South America but also highlights the possible existence of different clades\/lineages\/subpopulations across a geographic scale.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes11030252","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,2]],"date-time":"2020-03-02T07:35:30Z","timestamp":1583134530000},"page":"252","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Intraspecific Genomic Divergence and Minor Structural Variations in Leishmania (Viannia) panamensis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Luz H.","family":"Patino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiol\u00f3gicas-UR (GIMUR), Departamento de Biolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogot\u00e1 110211, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiol\u00f3gicas-UR (GIMUR), Departamento de Biolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogot\u00e1 110211, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Muskus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales (PECET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medell\u00edn 50037, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"M\u00e9ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Direcci\u00f3n de Sanidad Militar, Ejercito Nacional de Colombia, Bogot\u00e1 110211, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1344-9312","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan David","family":"Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiol\u00f3gicas-UR (GIMUR), Departamento de Biolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogot\u00e1 110211, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(07)70209-8","article-title":"Cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"7","author":"Reithinger","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. 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