{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T13:48:35Z","timestamp":1782913715681,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,22]],"date-time":"2020-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587513600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002809","name":"Generalitat de Catalunya","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Project 2017 SGR 1008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Project 2017 SGR 1008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Anisakiosis is a fish-borne disease with gastrointestinal and\/or allergic symptoms caused by the consumption of raw or undercooked fish parasitized with nematode larvae of the genus Anisakis. In Europe, Anisakis pegreffii has been detected as the causative agent, although the sibling species Anisakis simplex sensu stricto (s.s.) is also known to cause the disease in other parts of the world, and discrepancies exist regarding their respective pathogenic potential. In Spain a high number of cases has been recorded, with marinated anchovies being the main source of infection, although no specific diagnosis has been documented in humans. In this study, we analyzed three cases of anisakiosis in patients from Barcelona (Spain) who had consumed undercooked hake. All patients described epigastric pain and several larval nematodes were removed endoscopically from their stomachs. Larvae were morphologically characterized as third-stage larvae of Anisakis simplex sensu lato (s.l.) and molecularly identified as A. simplex (s.s.) by means of PCR RFLP of the ITS region of the rDNA and sequencing of the elongation factor1 alpha1 (EF1 \u03b1-1) nDNA gen. This study represents the first specific identification of Anisakis larvae in clinical cases of anisakiosis reported in Spain. Specific molecular diagnosis is of crucial importance for assessing the health risk of Anisakis sibling species. Hake consumption stands out as a risk factor for anisakiosis, since this fish species can be highly parasitized.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes11040452","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,22]],"date-time":"2020-04-22T04:15:13Z","timestamp":1587528913000},"page":"452","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["First Molecular Diagnosis of Clinical Cases of Gastric Anisakiosis in Spain"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Xavier","family":"Roca-Geron\u00e8s","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Biology, Health and Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9070-5992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. Magdalena","family":"Alcover","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Biology, Health and Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"God\u00ednez-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Biology, Health and Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Biology, Health and Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, SYNLAB Global Diagnostics, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2735-0401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miquel","family":"Masachs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digestive Endoscopy Service, University Hospital Vall d\u2019Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0699-7609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roser","family":"Fisa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Biology, Health and Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Montoliu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Biology, Health and Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X1700027X","article-title":"Reviewing biodiversity and epidemiological aspects of anisakid nematodes from the North-east Atlantic Ocean","volume":"91","author":"Mattiucci","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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