{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T05:13:36Z","timestamp":1790399616021,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,13]],"date-time":"2020-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594598400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR-14-CE19-0021-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-14-CE19-0021-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>About 15,000 angiosperms are dioecious, but the mechanisms of sex determination in plants remain poorly understood. In particular, how Y chromosomes evolve and degenerate, and whether dosage compensation evolves as a response, are matters of debate. Here, we focus on Coccinia grandis, a dioecious cucurbit with the highest level of X\/Y heteromorphy recorded so far. We identified sex-linked genes using RNA sequences from a cross and a model-based method termed SEX-DETector. Parents and F1 individuals were genotyped, and the transmission patterns of SNPs were then analyzed. In the &gt;1300 sex-linked genes studied, maximum X-Y divergence was 0.13\u20130.17, and substantial Y degeneration is implied by an average Y\/X expression ratio of 0.63 and an inferred gene loss on the Y of ~40%. We also found reduced Y gene expression being compensated by elevated expression of corresponding genes on the X and an excess of sex-biased genes on the sex chromosomes. Molecular evolution of sex-linked genes in C. grandis is thus comparable to that in Silene latifolia, another dioecious plant with a strongly heteromorphic XY system, and cucurbits are the fourth plant family in which dosage compensation is described, suggesting it might be common in plants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes11070787","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,14]],"date-time":"2020-07-14T11:03:23Z","timestamp":1594724603000},"page":"787","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Evidence for Dosage Compensation in Coccinia grandis, a Plant with a Highly Heteromorphic XY System"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"C\u00e9cile","family":"Fruchard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Biom\u00e9trie et Biologie Evolutive (LBBE), UMR5558, Universit\u00e9 Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H\u00e9l\u00e8ne","family":"Badouin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Biom\u00e9trie et Biologie Evolutive (LBBE), UMR5558, Universit\u00e9 Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Latrasse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Plant Sciences Paris Saclay (IPS2), University of Paris Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7400-888X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ravi S.","family":"Devani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Plant Sciences Paris Saclay (IPS2), University of Paris Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France"},{"name":"Biology Division, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aline","family":"Muyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B\u00e9n\u00e9dicte","family":"Rhon\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Biom\u00e9trie et Biologie Evolutive (LBBE), UMR5558, Universit\u00e9 Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne, France"},{"name":"Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement (IRD), Universit\u00e9 Montpellier, DIADE, F-34394 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3704-0703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susanne S.","family":"Renner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Systematic Botany and Mycology, University of Munich (LMU), Menzinger Str. 67, 80638 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1825-7926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anjan K.","family":"Banerjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Division, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdelhafid","family":"Bendahmane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Plant Sciences Paris Saclay (IPS2), University of Paris Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2134-5967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel A. B.","family":"Marais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Biom\u00e9trie et Biologie Evolutive (LBBE), UMR5558, Universit\u00e9 Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1588","DOI":"10.3732\/ajb.1400196","article-title":"The relative and absolute frequencies of angiosperm sexual systems: Dioecy, monoecy, gynodioecy, and an updated online database","volume":"101","author":"Renner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Bot."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-arplant-042110-103914","article-title":"Sex chromosomes in land plants","volume":"62","author":"Ming","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. 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