{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T16:55:39Z","timestamp":1790009739069,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,24]],"date-time":"2020-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595548800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006109","name":"Vedeck\u00e1 Grantov\u00e1 Agent\u00fara M\u0160VVa\u0160 SR a SAV","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1\/0242\/19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1\/0242\/19"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006109","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011377","name":"IGA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1\/2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011377","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The effects of triazole fungicide Tango\u00ae (epoxiconazole) and two neonicotinoid insecticide formulations Mospilan\u00ae (acetamiprid) and Calypso\u00ae (thiacloprid) were investigated in Candida albicans and three non-albicans species Candida pulcherrima, Candida glabrata and Candida tropicalis to assess the range of morphological, metabolic and genetic changes after their exposure to pesticides. Moreover, the bioavailability of pesticides, which gives us information about their metabolization was assessed using gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS). The tested pesticides caused differences between the cells of the same species in the studied populations in response to ROS accumulation, the level of DNA damage, changes in fatty acids (FAs) and phospholipid profiles, change in the percentage of unsaturated to saturated FAs or the ability to biofilm. In addition, for the first time, the effect of tested neonicotinoid insecticides on the change of metabolic profile of colony cells during aging was demonstrated. Our data suggest that widely used pesticides, including insecticides, may increase cellular diversity in the Candida species population-known as clonal heterogeneity-and thus play an important role in acquiring resistance to antifungal agents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes11080848","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,24]],"date-time":"2020-07-24T11:16:35Z","timestamp":1595589395000},"page":"848","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Synthetic Pesticides Used in Agricultural Production Promote Genetic Instability and Metabolic Variability in Candida spp."],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Leszek","family":"Potocki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Baran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernadetta","family":"Oklejewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6145-8486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ewa","family":"Szpyrka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1329-993X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalena","family":"Podbielska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viera","family":"Schwarzbacherov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Genetics, Institute of Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Ko\u0161ice, Komensk\u00e9ho 73, 041 81 Ko\u0161ice, Slovak"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2014-102798","article-title":"Organophosphate insecticide use and cancer incidence among spouses of pesticide applicators in the Agricultural Health Study","volume":"72","author":"Lerro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.01109471","article-title":"A rat mammary tumor model induced by the organophosphorous pesticides parathion and malathion, possibly through acetylcholinesterase inhibition","volume":"109","author":"Cabello","year":"2001","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2015.01.004","article-title":"Associations between urinary organophosphate pesticide metabolite levels and reproductive parameters in men from an infertility clinic","volume":"137","author":"Melgarejo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0531.2010.01745.x","article-title":"Effects of heavy metals and pesticides on buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) spermatozoa functions in vitro","volume":"46","author":"Selvaraju","year":"2011","journal-title":"Reprod. Domest. Anim."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"067007","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP2877","article-title":"Effects of a Chronic Dietary Exposure to a Low-Dose Pesticide Cocktail in Mice: Sexual Dimorphism and Role of the Constitutive Androstane Receptor","volume":"126","author":"Lukowicz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2007.05.004","article-title":"Changes in antioxidant enzymes in humans with long-term exposure to pesticides","volume":"171","author":"Lopez","year":"2007","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.03.068","article-title":"Organochloride pesticides modulated gut microbiota and influenced bile acid metabolism in mice","volume":"226","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e02149-16","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02149-16","article-title":"Human Oral Buccal Microbiomes Are Associated with Farmworker Status and Azinphos-Methyl Agricultural Pesticide Exposure","volume":"83","author":"Stanaway","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2012.08.005","article-title":"Bacteria as vitamin suppliers to their host: A gut microbiota perspective","volume":"24","author":"LeBlanc","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2016.01.026","article-title":"The Gut Microbiota Modulates Energy Metabolism in the Hibernating Brown Bear Ursus arctos","volume":"14","author":"Sommer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2017.00025","article-title":"Gut Microbiota: A Potential Regulator of Neurodevelopment","volume":"11","author":"Tognini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Cell Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.01.022","article-title":"Mining the Human Gut Microbiota for Immunomodulatory Organisms","volume":"168","author":"Sefik","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myx104","article-title":"Fungal infections in animals: A patchwork of different situations","volume":"56","author":"Seyedmousavi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-014-9749-1","article-title":"Candidiasis: Predisposing factors, prevention, diagnosis and alternative treatment","volume":"177","author":"Martins","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1007\/s12281-012-0094-x","article-title":"Recent Taxonomic Developments with Candida and Other Opportunistic Yeasts","volume":"6","author":"Brandt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Fungal Infect. Rep."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-52149-1.00090-2","article-title":"Candida Berkhout (1923)","volume":"Volumes 1\u20133","author":"Lachance","year":"2011","journal-title":"Yeasts: A Taxonomic Study"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2007.01.010","article-title":"Yeasts in foods and beverages: Impact on product quality and safety","volume":"18","author":"Fleet","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fm.2006.01.003","article-title":"Moulds and yeasts in fruit salads and fruit juices","volume":"23","author":"Tournas","year":"2006","journal-title":"Food Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2010.10.001","article-title":"The importance and ecology of yeasts in soil","volume":"43","author":"Botha","year":"2011","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibiod.2014.02.011","article-title":"Bacterial consortia from raw water and sludges from water potabilization plants are able to degrade atrazine","volume":"90","author":"Bellini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.3920\/BM2015.0022","article-title":"Probiotic lactobacilli: A potential prophylactic treatment for reducing pesticide absorption in humans and wildlife","volume":"6","author":"Trinder","year":"2015","journal-title":"Benef. Microbes"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brauer, V.S., Rezende, C.P., Pessoni, A.M., De Paula, R.G., Rangappa, K.S., Nayaka, S.C., Gupta, V.K., and Almeida, F. (2019). Antifungal Agents in Agriculture: Friends and Foes of Public Health. Biomolecules, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom9100521"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1021\/tx8004949","article-title":"Pest toxicology: The primary mechanisms of pesticide action","volume":"22","author":"Casida","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chem. Res. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2006.04084.x","article-title":"Neonicotinoid insecticides display partial and super agonist actions on native insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors","volume":"99","author":"Brown","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-6147(00)01820-4","article-title":"Neonicotinoids: Insecticides acting on insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors","volume":"22","author":"Matsuda","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.5785","article-title":"Azole fungicides affect mammalian steroidogenesis by inhibiting sterol 14 alpha-demethylase and aromatase","volume":"111","author":"Zarn","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-25304-6_14","article-title":"Antifungals: Mechanism of Action and Drug Resistance","volume":"892","author":"Prasad","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2018.06.042","article-title":"Agrochemicals: Effect on genetic resistance in yeasts colonizing winter wheat kernels","volume":"162","author":"Wachowska","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pharmtox.45.120403.095930","article-title":"Neonicotinoid insecticide toxicology: Mechanisms of selective action","volume":"45","author":"Tomizawa","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-014-3470-y","article-title":"Systemic insecticides (neonicotinoids and fipronil): Trends, uses, mode of action and metabolites","volume":"22","author":"Belzunces","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Podbielska, M., Kus-Liskiewicz, M., Jagusztyn, B., Piechowicz, B., Sadlo, S., Slowik-Borowiec, M., Twaruzek, M., and Szpyrka, E. (2020). Influence of Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum on Penthiopyrad Degradation under Laboratory and Field Studies. Molecules, 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25061421"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1021\/np100135b","article-title":"Mayamycin, a cytotoxic polyketide from a Streptomyces strain isolated from the marine sponge Halichondria panicea","volume":"73","author":"Schneemann","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.09.057","article-title":"Evaluation of cytotoxic and genotoxic activity of fungicide formulation Tango((R)) Super in bovine lymphocytes","volume":"220","author":"Schwarzbacherova","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1002\/0471140856.tx0312s65","article-title":"Alkaline Comet Assay for Assessing DNA Damage in Individual Cells","volume":"65","author":"Pu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Protoc. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fgb.2013.12.003","article-title":"Assessment of yeast chromosome XII instability: Single chromosome comet assay","volume":"63","author":"Lewinska","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fungal. Genet. Biol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-679X(01)64016-0","article-title":"Analysis of DNA damage in individual cells","volume":"64","author":"Olive","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods Cell. Biol."},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"300","article-title":"Determination of total lipids as fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) by in situ transesterification","volume":"303","author":"Laurens","year":"2013","journal-title":"Contract"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-51-1-49","article-title":"Heritable glycogen-storage deficiency in yeast and its induction by ultra-violet light","volume":"51","author":"Chester","year":"1968","journal-title":"J. Gen. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1111\/ajgw.12364","article-title":"Maximum residue limit of fungicides inhibits the viability and growth of desirable non-Saccharomyces wine yeasts","volume":"25","author":"Kosel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aust. J. Grape Wine Res."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601836","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/601836","article-title":"Yeast colonies: A model for studies of aging, environmental adaptation, and longevity","volume":"2012","author":"Vachova","year":"2012","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2006.00034.x","article-title":"Life within a community: Benefit to yeast long-term survival","volume":"30","author":"Palkova","year":"2006","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7696(05)25006-4","article-title":"Ammonia signaling in yeast colony formation","volume":"225","author":"Palkova","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Cytol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2582","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.9617.1","article-title":"Recent advances on Candida albicans biology and virulence","volume":"5","author":"Sellam","year":"2016","journal-title":"F1000Research"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kean, R., Delaney, C., Rajendran, R., Sherry, L., Metcalfe, R., Thomas, R., McLean, W., Williams, C., and Ramage, G. (2018). Gaining Insights from Candida Biofilm Heterogeneity: One Size Does Not Fit All. J. Fungi, 4.","DOI":"10.3390\/jof4010012"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.01320","article-title":"Accumulation of Azole Drugs in the Fungal Plant Pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae Is the Result of Facilitated Diffusion Influx","volume":"8","author":"Esquivel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mansfield, B.E., Oltean, H.N., Oliver, B.G., Hoot, S.J., Leyde, S.E., Hedstrom, L., and White, T.C. (2010). Azole drugs are imported by facilitated diffusion in Candida albicans and other pathogenic fungi. PLoS Pathog., 6.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1001126"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2419","DOI":"10.1021\/jf903787s","article-title":"Metabolism of the Neonicotinoid insecticides acetamiprid and thiacloprid by the yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa strain IM-2","volume":"58","author":"Dai","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"588","article-title":"Influence of Pesticides on Yeasts Colonizing Leaves","volume":"66","year":"2011","journal-title":"Z. Nat. C J. Biosci."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Syromyatnikov, M.Y., Isuwa, M.M., Savinkova, O.V., Derevshchikova, M.I., and Popov, V.N. (2020). The Effect of Pesticides on the Microbiome of Animals. Agriculture, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture10030079"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coisb.2017.05.010","article-title":"How to address cellular heterogeneity by distribution biology","volume":"3","author":"Komin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Syst. Biol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.05085-11","article-title":"Coevolution of morphology and virulence in Candida species","volume":"10","author":"Thompson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eukaryot. Cell"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg948","article-title":"Candida albicans: A molecular revolution built on lessons from budding yeast","volume":"3","author":"Berman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"ref_53","first-page":"8","article-title":"Biological Study of Candida Species and Virulence Factor","volume":"1","author":"Hameed","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Res. Technol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.1986.tb03753.x","article-title":"Culture media for the study of the effects of azole derivatives on germ tube formation and hyphal growth of C. albicans","volume":"29","author":"Marichal","year":"1986","journal-title":"Mykosen"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.43.4.763","article-title":"Effects of azole antifungal drugs on the transition from yeast cells to hyphae in susceptible and resistant isolates of the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans","volume":"43","author":"Ha","year":"1999","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"619","article-title":"The effect of fungicides on yeast communities associated with grape berries","volume":"10","author":"Zupan","year":"2010","journal-title":"FEMS Yeast Res."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2018.00028","article-title":"Candida Biofilms: Threats, Challenges, and Promising Strategies","volume":"5","author":"Cavalheiro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/49.3.515","article-title":"Heterogeneous mechanisms of azole resistance in Candida albicans clinical isolates from an HIV-infected patient on continuous fluconazole therapy for oropharyngeal candidosis","volume":"49","author":"Kirkpatrick","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1856","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.43.8.1856","article-title":"Heteroresistance to Fluconazole and Voriconazole in Cryptococcus neoformans","volume":"43","author":"Mondon","year":"1999","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2628","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.02628","article-title":"Digital Image Analysis of Yeast Single Cells Growing in Two Different Oxygen Concentrations to Analyze the Population Growth and to Assist Individual-Based Modeling","volume":"8","author":"Ginovart","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(02)01301-1","article-title":"Molecular ordering of ROS production, mitochondrial changes, and caspase activation during sodium salicylate-induced apoptosis","volume":"34","author":"Chung","year":"2003","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2010.06.003","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of pesticide-induced neurotoxicity: Relevance to Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"188","author":"Franco","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00978-17","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00978-17","article-title":"Induction of Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Production by Itraconazole, Terbinafine, and Amphotericin B as a Mode of Action against Aspergillus fumigatus","volume":"61","author":"Shekhova","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104654","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2019.104654","article-title":"In vitro exposure to thiacloprid-based insecticide formulation promotes oxidative stress, apoptosis and genetic instability in bovine lymphocytes","volume":"61","author":"Schwarzbacherova","year":"2019","journal-title":"Toxicol. In Vitro"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4547","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.emboj.7601329","article-title":"Repression of ergosterol level during oxidative stress by fission yeast F-box protein Pof14 independently of SCF","volume":"25","author":"Tafforeau","year":"2006","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkp407","article-title":"Fluconazole at subinhibitory concentrations induces the oxidative- and nitrosative-responsive genes TRR1, GRE2 and YHB1, and enhances the resistance of Candida albicans to phagocytes","volume":"65","author":"Arana","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2019.00475","article-title":"Gene Expression Noise Produces Cell-to-Cell Heterogeneity in Eukaryotic Homologous Recombination Rate","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Genet."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1111\/1567-1364.12103","article-title":"Aging and differentiation in yeast populations: Elders with different properties and functions","volume":"14","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2014","journal-title":"FEMS Yeast Res."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.4103\/0253-7613.28210","article-title":"Effect of amphotericin B, nystatin and miconazole on the polar lipids of Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis","volume":"38","author":"Drucker","year":"2006","journal-title":"Indian J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_70","first-page":"420","article-title":"Changes in the cellular composition of Candida albicans resistant to miconazole","volume":"33","author":"Sharma","year":"1996","journal-title":"Indian J. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1590\/S1517-83822008000200004","article-title":"Membrane fluidity and lipid composition of fluconazole resistant and susceptible strains of Candida albicans isolated from diabetic patients","volume":"39","author":"Mishra","year":"2008","journal-title":"Braz. J. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7696(04)42005-1","article-title":"Multidrug resistance in yeast Candida","volume":"242","author":"Prasad","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Cytol."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zeitz, M.A., Tanveer, Z., Openshaw, A.T., and Schmidt, M. (2019). Genetic Regulators and Physiological Significance of Glycogen Storage in Candida albicans. J. Fungi, 5.","DOI":"10.3390\/jof5040102"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Potocki, L., Depciuch, J., Kuna, E., Worek, M., Lewinska, A., and Wnuk, M. (2019). FTIR and Raman Spectroscopy-Based Biochemical Profiling Reflects Genomic Diversity of Clinical Candida Isolates That May Be Useful for Diagnosis and Targeted Therapy of Candidiasis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20040988"}],"container-title":["Genes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4425\/11\/8\/848\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T09:51:35Z","timestamp":1760176295000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4425\/11\/8\/848"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,24]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]}},"alternative-id":["genes11080848"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/genes11080848","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4425"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4425","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,24]]}}}